تعیین بهره‌وری مصرف آب در سامانه‌های آبیاری سطحی و بارانی گندم (مطالعه موردی بهبهان)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار پژوهش، بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران

2 جواد باغانی، استادیار پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 فریبرز عباسی، استاد پژوهش، موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

چکیده

 این تحقیق با هدف مطالعه‌ای میدانی برای اندازه­گیری مستقیم و مزرعه­ای آب مصرفی گندم تحت مدیریت کشاورزان در یک فصل زراعی (96-1395) در 21 مزرعه از مزارع شهرستان بهبهان انجام شد. مقادیر اندازه­گیری شده با نیاز آبی خالص به روش پنمن- مانتیث (سند ملی به‌روز شده) و همچنین با مقادیر سند ملی آب مقایسه گردید. نتایج نشان داد که راندمان کاربرد مزرعه از 7/22 تا 7/99 درصد در نوسان بود. میانگین بهره­وری مصرف آب گندم در مزارع با سامانه آبیاری بارانی و سطحی در شهرستان بهبهان معادل 92/0 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بود. بالاترین مصرف آب در مزارع زیرپوشش چشمه­ها به میزان 4626 مترمکعب بر هکتار به ثبت رسید. نتایج مقایسه میانگین نیاز آبی در آزمون تی (t-Test) نشان داد که میانگین سند ملی و به­روز شده به ترتیب با 4/483 و 0/455 میلی­متر در کل دوره رشد، اختلاف معنی‌داری با هم داشتند. ضرایب همبستگی پیرسون نشان داد که روند تغییرات حجم آب مصرفی، تغییراتی معنی‌داری در سطح 1 درصد و غیر هم‌راستا با روند تغییرات شاخص راندمان کاربرد و بهره­وری مصرف آب داشت. هرچه دبی مزرعه و حجم آب مصرفی افزایش یابد بهره­وری مصرف آب کاهش پیدا می­کند

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of wheat water productivity in sprinkler and surface irrigation systems (Case Study in Behbahan)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nader Salamati 1
  • Javad Baghani 2
  • Fariborz Abbasi 3
1 Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center
2 Javad Baghani, Scientific Broad Member, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Fariborz Abbasi, Scientific Broad Member, Agricultural Engineering Research Institute (AERI), Agricultural Research Education, and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

This research was conducted with the aim of field studies to measure direct and farm water consumption of wheat under farm management in a cropping season (2016-2017) in 21 farms in Behbahan. The measured values of the net water requirement were calculated using the Penman-Monteith method (updated national water document) and also compared with the values of the national water document. The application efficiency in all fields varied from 22.7 to 99.7 percent. The average water productivity of wheat water in fields with sprinkler and surface irrigation systems in Behbahan was 0.92 kg/m3.The highest water consumption in the fields under the springs was calculated to be 4626 m3/ha. The results of the comparison of the mean water requirement in the t-test showed that mean of the national document and the updated document had a significant difference of 483.4 and 455.0 mm, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients showed that the changes in the volume of water consumed had significant changes at 1% level and not related to the trend of changes in application efficiency and water use productivity. Also, increase of consumed water in studied fields resulted in decreasing water productivity.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Wheat
  • water consumed
  • Water requirement
  • Irrigation Application Efficiency
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