تاثیر غلظت دی‌اکسید کربن و فراهمی نیتروژن خاک بر شاخص‏های رشد و فیزیولوژیکی گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران گروه مهندسی علوم خاک

2 دانشجوی دکتری گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران

3 علوم و مهندسی خاک ، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

4 زراعت و اصلاح نباتات، دانشکده علوم و مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

افزایش غلظت دی‌اکسید کربن و بهبود شرایط تغذیه‌ای ناشی از مصرف کود نیتروژنی معمولاً سبب افزایش فتوسنتز و رشد گیاهان می‌گردد. پژوهش حاضر باهدف بررسی اثر CO2 و نیتروژن بر ویژگی­های رویشی و فیزیولوژیکی گندم رقم چمران به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل بر پایه طرح کاملاً تصادفی شامل فاکتور بافت خاک (لوم­ رسی ­شنی و لوم ­شنی) و فاکتور نیتروژن (صفر، 100 و 200 میلی‌گرم در کیلوگرم)، در چهار تکرار و در دو سطح CO2 (400 و 850 پی‏پی‏ام) انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد همه ویژگی­های رویشی گیاه (به­جز وزن خشک ریشه) در خاک لوم ­رسی شنی بیش‌تر از لوم ­شنی بود. افزایش مقدار نیتروژن خاک سبب افزایش ویژگی­های رشدی و فیزیولوژیکی گندم شد. با افزایش غلظت CO2 شاخص‌های رویشی شامل ارتفاع، وزن تر و خشک بخش هوایی، وزن خشک ریشه و سطح برگ و همچنین محتوای نسبی آب برگ به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافت. در شرایط مصرف نیتروژن در هر دو سطح با افزایش غلظت CO2 شاخص‌های رویشی گیاه به‌طور معنی‌دار افزایش یافت. به‌عبارت‌دیگر، افزایش مقدار نیتروژن خاک منجر به تشدید اثر افزایش غلظت CO2 گردید. بنابراین درصورتی‌که محدودیتی از نظر تأمین عناصر غذایی ضروری گیاه به خصوص نیتروژن وجود نداشته باشد، در شرایط افزایش غلظت CO2 رشد و عملکرد گیاه گندم افزایش خواهد یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of CO2 concentration and soil nitrogen availability on physiological and growth indices of wheat

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hosein MirseyedHoseini 1
  • Arzhang Fathi Gerdelidani 2
  • Mansoor Kohestani 3
  • Mohammad Reza Bihamta 4
1 University of Tehran
2 Ph.D Student, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran
3 Soil science department, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran
4 Department of Agronomy and -plant breeding, Faculty of Agricultural Science and Engineering, University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

Increase of CO2 concentration and nutritional improvement resulting from the consumption of nitrogen fertilizer commonly increases the photosynthesis and growth of crops. This study aimed to investigate the effect of CO2 concentration and nitrogen supply on growth and physiological characteristics of wheat of Chamran variety. A factorial experiment (combined) based on completely randomized design with soil texture in two levels (sandy clay loam and sandy loam), nitrogen in three levels (0, 100 and 200 mg kg-1) in 4 replications were conducted which treatments were applied under two carbon dioxide levels (ambient 400 and elevated 850 ppm). The results revealed all the growth characteristics (except root dry weight) in the sandy clay loam soil were higher than sandy loam. Increase of the amount of soil nitrogen significantly increased growth characteristics and also increased physiological characteristics. With the increase of CO2 concentration growth parameters such as height, shoot fresh and dry weight, root dry weight and leaf area and also the RWC as well as plant physiological parameters were significantly increased. With increasing concentrations of CO2 associated with the consumption of nitrogen fertilizers vegetative indices significantly increased. In other words, increasing amount of soil nitrogen would intensify the effect of increasing concentrations of CO2. Therefore, if there is no limitation in the supply of essential nutrients, especially nitrogen, wheat growth will increase under elevated CO2 concentration.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • CO2
  • climate change
  • growth indices
  • Soil Texture
  • Wheat
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