تغییرات شاخص‌های میکروبی قارچ‌ها و باکتری‌های مایه‌زنی شده در فراریشه بنگ‌دانه (Hyoscyamus niger L.) در سطوح مختلف آلودگی سرب در خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 فارغ التحصیل کارشناسی ارشد دانشگاه ارومیه در حال حاضر دانشجوی دکتری دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه ارومیه

3 دانشیار گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه ارومیه

4 دانشجوی دکتری شهید چمران اهواز

چکیده

ریزسازواره­ها از اجزای مهم خاک بوده که جمعیت و فعالیت آنها تحت تاثیر سطوح بالای فلزات سنگین از جمله سرب قرار می­گیرد. هدف از این پژوهش، بررسی تغییرات شاخص­های زیستی خاک در فراریشه گیاه بنگ­دانه در سطوح مختلف سرب در خاک بود. بدین منظور یک نمونه خاک انتخاب و غلظت­های مختلف سرب (صفر، 250، 500 و 1000 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم خاک) به خاک اضافه گردید. سپس خاک استریل شد و پس از مایه­زنی با قارچ (ترکیبی از گونه‌های Glomus intraradices، Funneliformis mosseaeو Glomus fasciculatum)و باکتری (ترکیبی از گونه­های Pseudomonas putida، Pseudomonas fluorescens و Pseudomonas aeruginosa)­، کاشت گیاه بنگ­دانه (Hyoscyamusniger L.) انجام گرفت. این پژوهش در شرایط گلخانه­ای به­صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل با طرح پایه بلوک­های کامل تصادفی و در سه تکرار انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد افزایش سطوح سرب در خاک، سبب کاهش معنادار (05/0p≤)  کلونیزاسیون ریشه (1/41 درصد)، جمعیت باکتری­های خاک (8/52 درصد)، عملکرد ریشه، تنفس میکروبی خاک و تنفس برانگیخته با سوبسترا، کربن زیست­توده میکروبی و قابلیت دسترسی به کربن گردید؛ در حالی که ضریب متابولیکی (qCO2) تغییر معناداری (05/0p≤) نکرد. بیش­ترین و کم­ترین تغییرات (در Pb1000 نسبت به Pb0) به ترتیب در شاخص­های کربن ­زیست­توده میکروبی در تیمار باکتری (0/83 درصد) و ضریب متابولیکی در تیمار قارچ (9/18 درصد)، مشاهده شد. مقدار کربن زیست­توده میکروبی در تیمار قارچ 28/1 تا 62/2 برابر تیمار باکتری بود. نتایج این پژوهش نشان­دهنده حساسیت بیش­تر باکتری­ها و بردباری بیش­تر قارچ­ها در سطوح بالای آلودگی سربی خاک بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes of Microbial Indices of Inoculated Fungi and Bacteria at Hyoscyamus niger L. Rhizosphere at Different Levels of Soil Lead (Pb) Pollution

نویسندگان [English]

  • Akbar Karimi 1
  • Habib Khodaverdiloo 2
  • Mir Hasan Rasooli Sadaghiani 3
  • Shila Khajavi 4
1 Urmia University
2 Associate Prof., Dep. Soil Sci., Urmia University
3 Urmia University
4 Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
چکیده [English]

Microorganisms are one of the important parts of soil, that their activity and population can be affected by the high levels of heavy metals such as lead (Pb). The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes of Microbial Indicators of inoculated fungi and bacteria in Hyoscyamus niger rhizosphere at different levels of lead (Pb). For this purpose, a soil was selected and various levels of Pb (0, 250, 500 and 1000 mg Pb kg-1 soil) were uniformly added to the soil. Then soil was sterilized and after soil inoculation with the mycorrhizal fungi (a mixture of Glomus intraradices, Funneliformis mosseae and Glomus fasciculatum species) and bacteria (species of Pseudomonas including P. putida, P. fluorescens, and P. aeruginosa), Hyoscyamus (Hyoscyamus niger L.) was grown. This study was carried out under greenhouse condition as a factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design and in three replications. Results showed that increasing of Pb levels at soil, led to a significant (P≤ 0.05) reduction in the amounts of root colonization (41.1 percent), soil bacterial population (52.8 percent), soil microbial respiration, substrate induced respiration and microbial biomass carbon. While the metabolic quotient was not change significantly (P≤ 0.05). The maximum and minimum of changes (at Pb1000 compared to Pb0) were observed in microbial biomass carbon at bacteria inoculation (83.0 percent) and metabolic quotient at fungi inoculation (18.9 percent), respectively. The amount of microbial biomass carbon in fungi treatment was greater (1.28-2.62 times) than that in bacterial treatment. Results of this study indicated high sensitivity of bacteria on high levels of soil Pb contamination as well as higher tolerance of the fungi.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bacteria
  • Fungi
  • lead
  • Microbial activity
  • Soil biological indices
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