Adiban, H., Heidarpour, M., and Afzalimehr, H. (2002). The effect of distance of piers on performance of the slot in reducing the local scour at cylindrical bridge pier group. Proceedings of the Sixth International Seminar on River Engineering, Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz, Iran. (In Farsi)
Abdelazim, M. N., Gamal, M. M., Yasser, M. A., and Amira, A. F. (2009). Optimal shape of collar to minimize local scour around bridge pier. Thirteenth International Water Technology Conference, Zagazig University.
Ataei-Ashtiani, B., and Beheshti, A.A. (2006). Experimental investigation of clear- water local scour at pile groups. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 132(10), 1100-1104.
Ataei-Ashtiani, B., and Aslani-Kordkandi, A. (2012). Flow field around side-by-side piers with and without a scour hole. European Journal of Mechanics. B/ Fluids. 36, 152-166.
Babaeyan-Koopaei, K., and Valentine, E.M. (1999). Bridge pier scour in selfformed laboratory channels. The XXVIII IAHR Congress, PP: 22-27.
Beg, M. (2014). Mutual interference of bridge piers placed in staggered arrangement on local scour. Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Scour and Erosion, Perth, Western Australia, 483–488.
Beg, M., and Beg, S. (2015). Scour hole characteristics of two unequal size bridge piers in tandem arrangement. ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 21(1), 85–96.
Bozkuş, Z., and Çeşme, M. (2010). Reduction of scouring depth by using inclined piers. Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering, 37(12), 1621–1630.
Breusers, N. H. C., and Raudkivi, A. J. (1991). Scouring. 2nd Hydraulic Structures Design Manual, IAHR, A. A. Balkema, Roterdam, the Netherlands.
Chiew, Y.M., and Mellville, B.W. (1987). Local scour around bridge piers. Journal of Hydraulic Research, 25(1), 15-26.
Diwedar, A. S. I. (2013). Investigating the impact of pile group arrangement on local scour around bridge pier using physical model. Journal of Nile Water Science and Engineering, 6(2), 12–25.
Franzetti, S., Malavasi, S., and Piccinin, C. (1994). Sull’erosione alla base delle pile di ponte in acque chiare. Proc., XXIV Convegno di Idraulica e Costruzioni Idrauliche, 2, 13-24 (In Italian).
Gao, P., Duan, M., Zhong, C., Yuan, Z., and Wang, J. (2013). Current induced scour around single piles and pile groups. Proceedings of the Twenty-third International Offshore and Polar Engineering, Alaska, USA, 472–477.
Ghasemi Gavarti, Z. (2015). Effect of sacrificial pile with slot and collar on reduction of local scour around bridge pier. MS Thesis, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran. (In Farsi)
Haque, M. A., Rahman, M. M., Islam, G. M. T., and Hussain, M. A. (2007). Scour mitigation at bridge piers using sacrificial piles. International Journal of Sediment Research, 22(1), 49-59.
Hannah, C.R. (1978). Scour at pile groups. Research Rep. No. 28-3, Civil Engineering, Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.
Heidarpour, M., Afzalimehr, H., and Izadinia, E. (2010). Reduction of local scour around bridge pier groups using collar. International Journal of Sediment Research, 25(4), 411-422.
Hosseini, R., and Amini, A. (2015). Scour depth estimation methods around pile groups. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 00(0000), 1–13.
Kumar, V., Ranga Raje, K.G., and Vittal, N. (1999). Reduction of local scour around bridge piers using slots and collars. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, ASCE, 125(12), 1302-1305.
Melville, B. W., and Hadfield, A. C. (1999). Use of sacrificial pilles as pier scour countermeasures. Journal of hydraulic engineering, ASCE, 125, 50.
Melville, B. W., and Sutherland, A. J. (1989). Design method for local scour at bridge pier. Journal of hydraulic engineering, ASCE, Univ. of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand, 114(10), 22-30.
Melville, B. W., and Coleman, S. E. (2000). Bridge scour. Water Resources Publications, Highlands Ranch, Colorado, USA.
Movahedi, N., Dehghani, A.A., Aarabi, M.J., and Zahiri, A.R. (2014). Experimental study of local scouring around two side-by-side piers with raft footing. Journal of Water and Soil Conservation, 21(1).
Nazariha, M. (1996). Design relationships for maximum local scour depth for bridge pier groups. Ph .D Dissertation, University of Ottawa, Canada. pp. 212.
Nouh, M. (1986). Local scour at pile groups in meandering channels. Proc. OfIAHR, Symp. On Scale Effects in Modeling Sediment Transport Phenomenon, Toronto, Canada, 25-28 Aug, 164-179.
Özalp, M. C. (2013). Experimental investigation of local scour around bridge pier groups. MSc thesis, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey.
Pirmohammadi, R., and Heidarpour, M. (2006). Comparision of the performance of collar in scour reducation in group of two or three cylindrical bridge pier. Seventh International Congress of Civil Engineering, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran, Iran. (In Farsi)
Raudkivi, A.J. (1998). Loose Boundary Hydraulics. A. A. Balkema, Rotterdam, the Netherland.
Raudkivi, A.J., and Ettema, R. (1983). Clear-water scour at cylindrical piers. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 109(3), 338–350.
Shafaei - Bejestan, M. (2011). Hydraulic of sediment transport (2th ed). Shahid Chamran University Press, Ahvaz, Iran. (In Farsi)
Singh, C. P., Setia, B. and Verma, D.V.S. (2001). Collar-sleeve combination as a scour protection device around a circular pier. Proc 29th IAHR Congress, 202-209.
Tafarojnoruz, A., Gaudio, R., and Calomino, F. (2012). Evaluation of flow-altering countermeasure against bridge pier scour. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, American Society of Civil Engineers, 138(3), 297-305.
Vittal, N., Kothyari, U.C., and Haghighat, M. (1994). Clear-water scour around bridge pier group. ASCE, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 120(11), 1309-1318.
Zarrati, A.R., Nazariha, M., and Mashahir, M.B. (2006). Reduction of local scour in the vicinity of bridge pier groups using collars and riprap. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 132(2), 154-162.
)
