روابط آبی درختان مرکبات در پاره‌خشکیدگی ناحیه‌ی ریشه و کاربرد هم‌زمان آن با سایه‌اندازی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری آبیاری وزهکشی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابعطبیعی ساری و مربی موسسه تحقیقات علوم باغبانی، پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه گرمسیری، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، رامسر، ایران

2 دانشیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

تغییر اقلیم و افزایش روزافزون مصرف آب همراه با کمبود آن سبب افت تولیدات گیاهی می­شود. از این­رو گزینش مدیریت­های کارآمد مصرف آب هم­چون کم‌آبیاری و سایه‌اندازی روی گیاه می­تواند تا اندازه­ای در بهبود این کاستی­ها کمک کند. در کم‌آبیاری به روش پاره‌خشکیدگی ناحیة‌ ریشه (PRD) بخشی از ریشه‌ها آبیاری و بخشی دیگر خشک نگهداشته می‌شوند. این آزمایش با پنج تیمار شامل آبیاری کامل (FI) و پاره‌خشکیدگی ناحیة ریشه به میزان 50 (PRD50) و 75 (PRD50) درصد آبیاری کامل در دو حالت بی و با سایه‌اندازی (SHPRD50 و SHPRD75) روی درختان مرکبات در پژوهشکده مرکبات و میوه‌های نیمه گرمسیری (رامسر) انجام شد. آزمون مقایسه میانگین‌ها به روش توکی برای رسانایی روزنه، گنجایش نسبی آب برگ، پتانسیل آب ساقه و دمای برگ در تیمارهای مختلف و نیز تجزیه رگرسیونی روابط بین هریک از آن‌ها و تفاوت فشار بخار برگ به هوا انجام شد. نتایج آن‌ها نشان داد که رسانایی روزنه و گنجایش نسبی آب در آبیاری کامل و دو تیمار پاره‌خشکیدگی ریشه 75 درصد (با و بی‌سایه‌اندازی) بیش‌تر از دو تیمار پاره‌خشکیدگی ریشه 50 درصد بود. همچنین پتانسیل آب ساقه پاره‌خشکیدگی 75 درصد با سایه‌اندازی، بیش از تیمار پاره‌خشکیدگی 50 درصد بود. دمای برگ در برخی از اندازه‌گیری‌های پیش از آبیاری در تیمارهای تنش آبی 50 درصد به‌طور معنی‌داری بیشتر بود. کم‌آبیاری عملکرد در تیمار پاره‌خشکیدگی 50 درصد را کاهش ولی مواد جامد محلول در تیمارهای پاره خشکیدگی 50 و 75 درصد را افزایش معنی‌دار داد. سایه‌اندازی عملکرد و اندازه میوه را افزایش داد. البته تنها از نظر قطر میوه تفاوت تیمارهای پاره‌خشکیدگی 75 درصد با سایه‌اندازی و پاره‌خشکیدگی 50 درصد معنی‌دار بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Water relations of citrus trees under partial root zone drying along with shading

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hormoz Ebadi 1
  • Mahmood Raeini 2
  • Mohammad Ali Gholami-Sefidkoohi 3
1 University of Sari
2 University of Sari
3 University of Sari
چکیده [English]

Climate change and ever-increasing water use, along with water scarcity, reduces crop production. Thus, efficient water management, such as deficit irrigation and shading could resolve some of these shortcomings. In deficit irrigation with partial root zone drying (PRD), half of the root zone is irrigated and the other half is left unirrigated. This experiment was conducted with five treatments of (1) full irrigation, which trees received 100 percent of soil field capacity (FC), 2) two PRD treatments, which receiving 50 (PRD50) and 75% (PRD75) of FI and 3) two PRD treatments, such above which treats by shading nets(SHPRD50 and SHPRD75). Tukey's test was used to compare treatment’s means of stomatal conductance (gs), leaf relative water content (rwc), stem water potential (Ψst), and leaf temperature (Tl). Moreover, Regression analysis was done between the above factors and leaf to air vapor pressure difference. The results show that gs and rwc were higher in FI, PRD75 and SHPRD75 relative to stressed treatments of PRD50 and SHPRD50. The same trend was registered for Ψst and the lowest values were achieved by treatments receiving 50% of FI. Leaf temperatures in some measurement intervals were significantly higher in stressed treatments of PRD50 and SHPRD50. Water deficiency significantly reduced yield in stressed treatments of PRD50, while reversly, it increased fruit sloble salids in PRD50 and PRD75. Shading on PRD treatments increased fruit size and yield, Although this improvement was significant only for fruit diameter of SHPRD75 in comparison with PRD50.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • PRD
  • Shading
  • Deficit irrigation
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