تأثیر روش‌های مختلف خاک‌ورزی و مدیریت بقایای گیاهی بر برخی از ویژ‌‌گی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در زراعت گندم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشکده کشاورزی شاهرود

2 دانشجوی دکتری، دانشگاه شاهرود

3 مرکز تحقیقات مشهد

4 دانشگاه شاهرود

چکیده

به‌منظور مطالعه تأثیر خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی و خاک‌ورزی متداول با مدیریت بقایا بر برخی از ویژ‌‌گی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک در زراعت گندم، آزمایشی به‌صورت کرت‌های خردشده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار اجرا گردید. تیمار‌های آزمایش شامل الف) شیوه‌های خاک‌ورزی در سه سطح (خاک‌ورزی متداول، حداقل شخم، بدون شخم) و ب) مدیریت بقایا در سه سطح (0، 30 و 60% بقایا) بودند. نتایج نشان داد کلونیزاسیون مایکوریزایی، دمای خاک، ظرفیت نگهداری آب خاک و تخلخل در انواع روش‌های خاک‌ورزی اختلاف معنی‌داری را از لحاظ آماری در سطح 01/0 نشان دادند. بیشترین کلونیزاسیون مایکوریزایی (88/72)، ظرفیت نگهداری آب خاک (59/21 درصد)، تخلخل (09/62 درصد) در بدون شخم بود. در میزان مختلف بقایا نیز کلونیزاسیون مایکوریزایی و مقاومت به نفوذ از نظر آماری در سطح 01/0، ظرفیت نگهداری آب خاک و تخلخل در سطح 05/0 تفاوت معنی‌داری داشتند. بالاترین عملکرد دانه در بدون شخم (2/6912 کیلوگرم در هکتار) و در بقایای 60 درصد (8/6980 کیلوگرم در هکتار) به­دست آمد. آزمایش نشان داد خاک‌ورزی حفاظتی همراه با حفظ بقایای بیشتر روی سطح خاک موجب بهبود برخی از ویژ‌‌گی‌های فیزیکی-شیمیایی خاک و احیاء آن می‌شود.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of conventional and conservation tillage with management residue on some of Soil physicochemical properties in wheat.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hamid Abasdokht 1
  • Abolfazl Falah heravi 2
  • Ahmad Zare FeizAbadi 3
  • Ahamad Gholami 4
1 University of Shahrood
2 University of Shahrood
3 Research Institute of Mashhad
4 University of Shahrood
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of conventional and conservation tillage with management residue on wheat physiological properties ,a field experiment was conducted in 2013-2014 at Mashhad Agricultural and Natural Resources Research center of Razavi Khorasan province. This experiment was arranged in a split plot design based on randomized complete block with three replications. Main plots were tillage systems: 1) conventional tillage, 2) reduced tillage and 3) no tillage; subplots were management residue: 1) 0%, 2) 30% and 3) 60% residue. The results showed that tillage systems had significant effect on Mycorrhizal colonization(spore), soil temperature, Water-holding capacity of the soil, porosity. The highest Mycorrhizal colonization (spore)(72.88), Water-holding capacity of the soil (21.59%), porosity (62.09%), were obtained from no-till method. Residue management were significantly different effect on Mycorrhizal colonization(spore), soil temperature, Water-holding capacity of the soil, resistance to penetration, porosity. The highest grain yields were obtained under no-till (6912.2 kg/ha) and 60% residue treatment (6980.8 kg/ha). It is concluded that conservation tillage with more residue aboveground could improve wheat yield and some of soil physicochemical properties

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Mycorrhizal colonization(spore)
  • Grain yield
  • no-tillage
  • Soil temperature
  • Resistance to penetration
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