تأثیر افزودن رس مونت موریلونیت و رس آلی بر فعالیت آنزیم اوره‎آز و ال-آسپاراژیناز در خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد

چکیده

آنزیم‌های آمیدوهیدرولاز نقش بسیار مؤثری در حفظ محیط‌زیست و کشاورزی پایدار دارند. زیرا در واکنش‌های بیوشیمیایی مانند تجزیه مواد آلی، چرخه عناصر غذایی و تجزیه آلاینده‌ها نقش مهمی دارند. بنابراین حفظ فعالیت و پایداری آنزیم‌ها در خاک از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. بدین منظور به بررسی افزودن رس مونت موریلونیت و رس آلی بر فعالیت و پایداری این آنزیم‌ها در خاک پرداخته شد. در این مطالعه رس آلی از اصلاح رس مونت موریلونیت سدیم‌دار با سورفکتانت کاتیونی هگزا دسیل تری متیل آمونیوم بروماید ساخته شد. جهت بررسی خصوصیات ساختاری و مورفولوژی رس آلی مونت موریلونیت سنتز شده از میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی انتشار میدانی (FESEM) و ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی رس استفاده شد. تأثیر رس آلی، رس مونت موریلونیت و مدت‌زمان انکوباسیون بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های اوره آز و ال-آسپاراژیناز در خاک موردمطالعه قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از آنالیز آماری تأثیر تیمار نوع رس و مدت‌زمان انکوباسیون بر فعالیت هر دو آنزیم در سطح 5 درصد معنی‌دار شد. میزان فعالیت هر دو آنزیم در نمونه خاک تیمار شده با رس آلی (48/71 و 01/9 میکروگرم آمونیوم آزادشده به ازای یک گرم خاک پس از دو ساعت انکوباسیون به ترتیب در آنزیم اوره آز و ال-آسپاراژیناز) به‌طور چشمگیری بالاتر از نمونه شاهد (12/29 و 22/4 میکروگرم آمونیوم آزادشده به ازای یک گرم خاک پس از دو ساعت انکوباسیون) و رس مونت موریلونیت (84/39 و 26/5 میکروگرم آمونیوم آزادشده به ازای یک گرم خاک پس از دو ساعت انکوباسیون) بود و بیشترین شیب کاهش فعالیت این دو آنزیم پس از گذشت 7 روز از زمان انکوباسیون مشاهده شد. رس آلی تهیه‌شده از رس مونت موریلونیت به‌خوبی قادر به نگهداری این آنزیم‌ها در خاک گردید و در نتیجه با کاربرد این رس آلی فعالیت و پایداری آنزیم‌ها در خاک افزایش یافت.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Montmorillonite and Organoclay on Urease and L-Asparaginase Activities in Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahboobeh Abolhasani Zeraatkar
  • Amir Lekzian
  • Amir Fotovat
  • Reza Khorasani
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
چکیده [English]

The amidohydrolase play a significant role in maintaining a sustainable environment and an agriculture sector. This is mainly because it is central to biochemical reactions (e.g. organic decompositions, food cycles, and pollutant decomposition). Therefore, keeping these enzymes active and stable in soil is a crucial task. In doing so, the effect of adding montmorillonite and organoclays on activity and stability of these enzymes in soil was investigated. The organic clay was produced by modifying the Na-montmorillonite clay using the hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide cationic surfactant. To analyze the structural and morphologic profiles of the synthesized organoclay montmorillonite, Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and the clay's cation exchange capacity were used. The effects of this organic clay and incubation period on urease and L-asparaginase activities in soil were investigated. Results from statistical analyses showed that the effects of clay type and incubation period on the activity of both enzymes (urease and L-asparaginase) were significant at the 5% level. The activity level of both enzymes in soil samples treated with organic clay (71.48 and 9.01 μgNH4+-Ng-12h-1 in urease and L-asparaginase) was significantly higher than in the control (29.12 and 4.22 μgNH4+-Ng-12h-1 in urease and L-asparaginase) and montmorillonite clay sample (39.84 and 5.26 μgNH4+-Ng-12h-1 in urease and L-asparaginase) s. The maximum declining slope in the activity of both enzymes was observed after 7 days from incubation. The organoclay prepared from the montmorillonite clay successfully maintained soil enzymes. Therefore, use of this organoclay can positively affect enzyme activity and stability.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • organoclay
  • Hexadecyl trimethylammonium bromide
  • cation-exchange capacity
  • Urease
  • L- asparaginase
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