تعیین سطح بحرانی مس برای گیاه ذرت علوفه‌ای رقم 704 در برخی از خاک‌های استان آذربایجان شرقی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش اموخته کارشناسی ا رشد دانشگاه تبریز

2 دانشگاه تبریز

3 دانشیار دانشگاه تبریز

چکیده

اطلاع از سطح بحرانی مس در خاک و پاسخ‌های گیاه ذرت به مصرف آن می‌تواند کمک مؤثری در توصیه بهینه کود مس باشد. هدف این پژوهش تعیین سطح بحرانی مس برای گیاه ذرت در 21 نمونه خاک سطحی (0-30 سانتی‌متر) استان آذربایجان شرقی بود. طی آزمایش گلخانه­ای گیاه ذرت علوفه‌ای رقم 704(Zea mays L.) در دو سطح صفر و 5/7 میلی­گرم مس در کیلوگرم خاک از منبع سولفات مس در سه تکرار به‌صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی کشت شد. پس از طی شصت روز (پایان دوره رشد رویشی) شاخص کلروفیل برگ قبل از برداشت و وزن تر و خشک بخش هوایی و مقدار جذب مس بخش هوایی ذرت بعد از برداشت اندازه‌گیری شد. سطح بحرانی مس استخراج‌شده با عصاره­گیرهای DTPA-TEA و AB-DTPA و با استفاده از روش­های ترتیب ستونی پاسخ گیاه، تصویری و آماری کیت-نلسون و معادله میچرلیخ-بری محاسبه شد. با مصرف مس وزن خشک، غلظت و مقدار جذب مس بخش هوایی ذرت افزایش معنادار (p<0.05) نشان داد. سطح بحرانی مس در خاک­های موردمطالعه با­ عصاره­گیر DTPA-TEA برای دست­یابی به عملکرد نسبی 90 درصد به‌روش ترتیب ستونی پاسخ گیاه، نموداری کیت-نلسون و معادله میچرلیخ-بری به ترتیب 46/1، 1 و 70/1 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم و با عصاره­گیر AB-DTPA به ترتیب 50/1، 80/1 و 94/2 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم بود و ضریب C میچرلیخ-بری با استفاده از عصاره­گیرهای مذکور به ترتیب 5874/0 و 3397/0 کیلوگرم خاک بر میلی­گرم مس محاسبه شد. روش آماری کیت-نلسون در تحقیق حاضر روشی مناسب برای تعیین سطح بحرانی مس نبود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Determination of the critical level of copper for corn in some soils of East Azerbaijan province.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elham Abdolmaleki 1
  • Adel Reyhani Tabar 2
  • Nosratollah Najafi 3
1 University of Tabriz
2 University of Tabriz
3 University of Tabriz
چکیده [English]

The purpose of this research was the determination the critical level of copper for corn in 21 soils of East Azerbaijan province. In a greenhouse experiment, corn plant (Zea mays L.) single cross 704 variety, cultivated in two levels of Cu, zero and 7.5 mg Cu kg-1 soil with three replications. After the 60 days (end of the growth period), before harvesting chlorophyll index of leaf were measured, then plant harvesting and wet and dry weight in shoot and copper content were measured. Critical level of soil Cu for corn with DTPA and AB-DTPA methods were measured by using plant response column order procedure, graphical Cate-Nelson, Cate-Nelson analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mitscherlich-Bray. According to the results, by application of copper, significant increases in corn shoot dry weight, concentration and content of Cu occurred. Critical level of soil Cu for corn with DTPA method based on 90 % relative yield, was determined as 1.46, 1 and 1.70 (mg Cu kg-1 soil) by using plant response column order procedure, graphical Cate-Nelson, Cate-Nelson analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Mitscherlich-Bray, respectively and for AB-DTPA method was 1.50, 1.80 and 2.94 (mg Cu kg-1 soil), respectively. The Mitscherlich-Bray equation coefficients C for these methods were 0.5874 and 0.3397 kg soil mg-1 Cu, respectively. In this research, the Cate-Nelson analysis of variance method was not the appropriate for determination of critical level of Cu for corn. Drawing the plot by the Excel softwar and correlation coefficients with statistical analysis by using SPSS software was performed.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Corn
  • Cu critical level
  • Cate-Nelson and Mitscherlich-Bray
Agricultural Statistics. (2013). The first volume of agricultural crops, 2011-2012. Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Vice Chancellor for of Planning and Economic, Center of Information and Communication Technology. (In Farsi).
Allison, L. E., and Moodie, C. D. (1965). carbonate. In C. A .Black (Ed.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2: American Society of Agronomy, Soil Science Society of America .(Pp: 1379-1396). Madison, WI.
Bawer, C. A., Reitemeier, R. F., and Fireman, M. (1952). Exchangable cation analysis of saline and alkali soil. Soil  Science, 73, 251-261.v
Chand, T., and Singh, R. (1981). The critical level of copper in seirozem soils of Haryana as evaluated with different extractants. Plant and Soil, 62, 293-298.
Fageria, N. K., and Barbosa Filho, M. P. (2006). Identification and correction nutrient deficiencies in rice. Embrapa Arroze Feijao Circular tenica (vol 75). Brazil.
Feiziasl, V., Jafarzadeh, J., Pala, M., and Mosavi, S. B. (2009). Determination of critical levels of micronutrients by plant response column order procedure for dryland wheat (T. aestivum L.) in North West of Iran. International Journal of Soil Science, 4(1), 14-26.
Feiziasl, V., Valizadeh, G, R., Toshih, V., Taliei, A. A., and Belson, V. (2003). Determination  of critical levels of soil micronutrients for dryland wheat in the North West of Iran. Jornal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 5(4), 236-249. (In Farsi).
Gee, G. W., and Or, D. (2002). Partical size analysis. Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 4. Physical Methods. SoilScience Society of America, 201-214.
Hamidi Asil, S., Mostashari, M., and Moez Ardalan, M. (2013). A review of the effect of the position of some of the micro elements and the determination of critical level on wheat in the city of Qazvin. Jornal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 9(4), 39-46. (In Farsi).
Jones, J. B. (2001). Laboratory guide for conducting soil tests and plant analysis. Cereals Research of Community Press.
Kamkar, B., Langerodi, V., and Mohammadi, R. (2012). Application of minerals in fedding of crops. Mashhad Jihad collegiate publishers. (In Farsi).
Khodabandeh, N. (1998).  Cereals. University of Tehran press (vol 5), 537-542. (In Farsi).
Kumar, R, Mehrotra, N. K. Nautiyd, .B. D., Kumar, P., and Singh, P. K. (2009). Effect of copper on growth, yield and concentration of Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in wheat plants (Triticum aestivumL). Journal of Environmental Biology, 30(4), 485-488.
Lindsay, W. L., and Norvell, W. A. (1978). Development of a DTPA soil test for zinc, iron, manganese and copper. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 42, 421-428.
Loeppert, R. H., and Suarez, D. L. (1996). Carbonate and  Gypsum. Publications from USDA-Agricultural Research Service  University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Pp: 504.
Malakooti, C. E. C., and Homaee, C. E. (2004). Fertile soils of arid and semiarid regions (Ed.) Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran. (In Farsi).
Malakooti, M., Keshavarz, J., and Karimian, N. (2008).Diagnosis and recommendation integrated system for balanced fertilization. Tarbiat Modarres University Press, (7th), Pp. 744. (In Farsi).
Marschner, H. 1985. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants (Ed.), Academic Press. (Pp: 70-82). New York, NY.
Mengel, K., Kosegarten, H., Kirkby, E. A., and Appel, T. (2001). Principles of plant nutrition. (Ed.).  Springer Science and  Business Media. (Pp: 15-110). New York
Nelson, D. W., and Sommers, L. E. (1966). Total carbon, organic chemical methods. In  D. L .Sparks., P. A Page., R. H . Helmke., P. N. Loppert., M. A. Soltanpour., G. T .Tabatabai and M. E. Summer (Ed.). America Society of Agronomy. (Pp: 961-1010). Madison, WI.
Reza khani, L., Golchin, A., and Shafiei, S. (2012). Effect of different rates of Cd and Cu on growth and chemical composition of spinach. Jornal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, 8(1), 87-100. (In Farsi).
Richards, L. K. (1954). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. Agriculture Hand book, Salinity Laboratory Staffs. Departeman of Agriculture.
Rhoades, J. D. (1996). Salinity electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids. In D. L. Sparks. Methods of Soil Analysis (Part 3), Chemical MethodsSoil Science Society of America and America Society of Agronomy. (Pp: 417-436). Madison, WI.
Sandermann, G., and Boger, P. (1983). The enzymatological function of heavy metals and their role In the electron
transfer processes of plants. In A. Lauchi, and R. L. Bicleski (Ed.). Encyclopedia of plant physiology (vol 15). (Pp: 563-596). Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
Shahbazi, K., and Besharati, H. (2013). Overview of agicultural soil fertility status of Iran. Journal Management System, 1(1), 1-15. (In Farsi).
Singh, R. P., and Agrawal, M. (2007). Effects of sewage sludge amendment on heavy metal accumulation and consequent responses of Beta vulgaris plants. Chemosphere, 67, 2229–2240.
Soltanpour, P. N., and Schwab, A. P. (1977). A new soil test for simultaneous extraction of macro and micro-nutrients in alkaline soils. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 8(3), 195-207.
Shorrocks,V. M and Alloway, B. J. (1988). Copper in Plant, Animal and Human Nutrition.Copper Development Association Publication, 98-104.
Tabandeh, L., Maftoun, M., Karimian, N., and Emam, Y. (2008). Effect of copper application on yield and chemical composition of rice and determination of copper critical level in selected calcareous soils of Fars provience. Journal of soil water science, 22(1), 1-10. (In Farsi).
 Williams, C., Nascimento, A., Eduardo, E., Severina, R., and Leite, P. (2007). Effect of liming on the plant availability and distribution of zinc and copper among soil fractions. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 38, 545–560.
Ziaeian, A., Malakooti, M. J. (1999). The effect of  Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu application on wheat production in  high calcareous soil of  Fars provience (Green house study). Scientific Research Journal of  Soil and Water, 12(6), 201-206.