اثر تنش شوری و تهویه خاک بر نمود ریشه و عملکرد واجزای آن در گندم و لوبیا

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشگاه تهران، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گروه مهندسی خاک،کد پستی: 1417965463، 09123426151

3 دانشگاه زنجان، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات

چکیده

در این پژوهش اثر مکش ماتریک و شوری بر اجزای عملکرد و توسعه ریشه گندم و لوبیا در شرایط گلخانه­ای بررسی شد. نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش مکش از kPa 2، اجزای عملکرد و وزن خشک ریشه گندم و لوبیا افزایش یافتند و در مکش ماتریک kPa 10-6 به بیشترین مقدار رسیدند. در مکش­های بیشتر از kPa10، کلیه اجزای عملکرد گیاهان گندم و لوبیا (به­غیر از وزن هزار دانه) که تحت شوری­های کم تا متوسط بودند (dSm-18EC≤ برای گندم و dSm-14EC≤ برای لوبیا) کاهش یافتند، در حالی­که در شوری­های بالاتر، میزان آن­ها تقریباً ثابت باقی ماند. وزن هزار دانه گندم و لوبیا در مکش‌های بالاتر از kPa10 در تمام سطوح شوری ثابت باقی ماند. شوری در سطوح پایین تا متوسط اثر مشخصی بر عملکرد و گسترش ریشه هر دو گیاه نداشت. کمترین مقدار چگالی ریشه گندم و لوبیا در مکش ماتریک kPa 6 بود و در سایر مکش­ها (2، 10 و kPa 33) مقادیر آن تقریباً برابر بود. شوری اثر واضحی بر چگالی ریشه گندم و لوبیا نداشت. در dSm-18EC≤، با افزایش مکش ماتریک تا kPa10، نسبت وزنی بخش هوایی به ریشه گندم کاهش یافت. در حالی­که در ECهای بالاتر این نسبت با مکش ماتریک روند افزایشی داشت. در مکش kPa10 مقادیر نسبت وزنی به هم نزدیک شدند و سپس با افزایش بیشتر مکش ماتریک، تقریباً ثابت ماندند. بنابراین مشخص گردید که نوع پاسخ گیاه به تنش شوری بستگی به شرایط تهویه­ای حاکم بر محیط ریشه دارد و کمبود تهویه در خاک می­تواند اثر شوری را تشدید کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Soil Salinity and Aeration Stresses on the Root and Yield Components in Wheat and Bean

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahnaz Khatar 1
  • Mohammad Hosein Mohammadi 2
  • Farid Shekari 3
1 Zanjan University
2 University of Tehran
3 University of Zanjan
چکیده [English]

The effects of soil matric suction and salinity were investigated on the yield components and root development of the corps, wheat and bean within greenhouse conditions. The results showed that yield components and root dry weights of wheat and bean increased with increase in matric suction (from 2kPa) and reached their maximum values at suctions of 6-10 kPa. At suctions higher than 10kPa and under EC≤8dSm-1 for wheat vs. EC≤4dSm-1 for bean, all the yield components of wheat and bean (except for 1000-kernel weight) decreased, while under higher salinities, their values remained nearly the same. At suctions higher than 10kPa and under all salinity levels, 1000-kernel weights of wheat and bean remained nearly constant. The salinities of low to medium levels did not clearly affect yield and root development of either plant. Minimum root densities of wheat and bean occurred at suction 6kPa while at other points of suction (2, 10 and 33kPa), their values almost corresponded with each other. Salinity did not clearly affect wheat and bean root densities. Wheat shoot-root ratio decreased with matric suction (up to 10kPa) under EC≤8dSm-1, while under higher salinities, this ratio increased with suctions. At 10kPa suction, weight ratio values approached each other, then remained nearly constant at higher suctions. The results finally revealed  that plant response to salinity stress depends on aeration conditions in the root zone and the deficit in  soil aeration can amplify the salinity stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aeration stress"
  • Soil matric suction"
  • Salinity stress"
  • Yield"
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