اثر جهت خاک‌ورزی و موقعیت شیب بر برخی از ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک و پایداری خاکدانه‌ها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشگاه گیلان

چکیده

خاک‌ورزی یکی از عملیات مهم برای تولید محصولات کشاورزی است. زیر کشت بردن و انجام خاک‌ورزی موازی در اراضی شیب‌دار سبب افزایش هدررفت، کاهش پایداری خاکدانه‌ها و کاهش ماده آلی خاک می‌شود. در این پژوهش اثر جهت خاک‌ورزی، جهت و موقعیت شیب بر برخی از ویژگی‌های فیزیکی، شیمیایی خاک و نمایه­های پایداری خاکدانه بررسی شد. به این منظور از منطقه‌ای واقع در ایستگاه تحقیقات حفاظت خاک و آب کوهین که تحت خاک‌ورزی عمود بر جهت شیب بود و همچنین از منطقه هم‌جوار خارج از ایستگاه که تحت خاک‌ورزی موازی با جهت شیب بود، نمونه‌برداری صورت گرفت. منطقه به‌صورت یک دره کم‌عمق با دونمای شمالی و جنوبی بود. نمونه‌برداری برای هر جهت از سه موقعیت بالا، میانه و پایین شیب در دو عمق و با سه تکرار انجام گرفت (72 نمونه). تجزیه‌وتحلیل اطلاعات بر پایه­ی طرح آشیانه‌ای انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیش­تر ویژگی­های اندازه­گیری شده تأثیرپذیری بالایی از جهت خاک­ورزی داشته­اند و خاک­ورزی موازی سبب کاهش کیفیت خاک شده است. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که جهت و موقعیت شیب تنها بر شاخص پایداری خاکدانه اثر گذاشته است، درحالی‌که خاک‌ورزی روی هر چهار نمایه پایداری خاکدانه مورد بررسی اثر معنی‌داری گذاشته است. در خاک‌ورزی عمود بر شیب میزان ماده آلی دلیل عمده بیش‌تر شدن پایداری خاکدانه‌ها است. جهت و موقعیت شیب و مدیریت زراعی اثرات بسیار پیچیده­ای بر ویژگی­های خاک در عمق­های مختلف دارند. نتایج نشان داد که کلیه منابع تغییرات شامل جهت، موقعیت شیب و عمق خاک بر روی شاخص پایداری خاکدانه تأثیر معنی­داری دارند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of tillage direction and slope position on some physical and chemical properties and aggregate stability of soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Asadi 1
  • Hossein Khoshrang 2
  • Isa Ebrahimi 2
1 University of Tehran
2
چکیده [English]

Soil tillage is one of the most important practices in agricultural production. Farming and tillage accompanied with slope direction result to not only in increasing soil loss but also in decreasing soil organic carbon content with a consequent reduction in the aggregate stability on steep lands. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of tillage direction, slope position and slope direction on soil aggregate stability and some physical and chemical properties of soil. For this purpose, soil samples were collected from an area with contour tillage located in the Soil and Water Conservation Research Station of Kuhin and its adjacent area outside the station with up-down tillage. The area was as a shallow valley with the northern and southern faces. Soil samples for both tillage types were taken from upper, middle and bottom of the slope in two depths with three replications (72 samples). Data were analysed based on the nested design. The results showed that most of the soil measured properties were highly affected by soil tillage in which, up-down tillage caused reduction in the soil quality. Furthermore, the results demonstrated that the slope direction and position can only affect soil aggregate stability index, while all four indices of aggregate stability were significantly affected by tillage type. Organic matter content is a major reason for increasing soil aggregate stability in the contour tillage. The position and direction of slope in addition to field management have very complicated effects on soil properties at various depths. Finally it concluded that soil aggregate stability is significantly influenced by all types of changes including the position and direction of slope and soil depth.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • fractal dimension
  • organic matter
  • Mean weighted diameter
  • Geometric mean diameter
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