تبادل دو گانه K-Ca توسط یک رس جدا شده از خاک با مینرالوژی غالب ایلایت (میکا): 1- اثر تخلیه-فروریزش رس ایلایت (میکا) بر انتخابگری K-Ca

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشجوی دکتری دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در این مطالعه اثر تخلیه پتاسیم از یک رس ایلایت جدا شده از خاک بر انتخابگری تبادلی K-Ca در قدرت یونی 3/0 مولار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. در اثر تیمار رس با محلول تترا فنیل برات سدیم + کلرید سدیم برای مدت زمان‌های 6 ، 25 و 150 ساعت به ترتیب 1/22، 8/30 و 7/40 درصد از پتاسیم کل از نمونه‌های رس آزاد گردید. سرعت تخلیه پتاسیم در ابتدا خیلی بیشتر بود و با گذشت زمان کاهش یافت. با افزایش درصد تخلیه ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی (CEC) نیز افزایش یافت که گویای آنست که حداقل بخشی از پتاسیم آزاد شده از رس تخلیه گردیده است. در این بررسی خطای اندازه‌گیری کلسیم تبادلی در صورت عدم تصحیح انحلال آهک بین 2/31 تا 7/76 درصد بود. برآورد تفاضل دفع و جذب آنیونی نیز نشان داد که در این رس‌ها جذب آنیونی بیشتر از دفع آنیونی می‌باشد. مقایسه همدما‌‌های تبادلی K-Ca با همدمای عدم ترجیح نشان داد که در رس تخلیه نشده تا 8/0K≤Ẽ و در رس‌های تخلیه شده تا 76/0K≤Ẽ پتاسیم نسبت به کلسیم و در 8/0K>Ẽ کلسیم اندکی بر پتاسیم ترجیح داده می‌شود. مقایسه همدما‌های تبادلی رس‌های تخلیه شده با هم نشان داد که تخلیه پتاسیم از رس ظاهراً بر ویژگی‌های ترجیحی تبادلگر اثری نداشته است. دیفرکتوگرام‌های حاصل پس از اعمال تیمار با جز هم ارز 05/0 پتاسیم نشان داد که در جریان تبادل K-Ca فرو ریزش لایه‌ای صورت گرفته است، اما مقادیر CEC گویای آن است که فروریزش لایه‌ای در این رس‌ها کامل نبوده است. با افزایش قدرت یونی ترجیح ظاهری K+ افزایش یافت و با کاهش آن یا رقیق شدن محلول تعادلی، Ca2+ بیشتری جذب گردید. تفاوت همدما‌ها در دو قدرت یونی متفاوت بیانگر اثر رقت-ظرفیت می‌باشد. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Binary K-Ca exchange on a clay separated from a soil with dominate illite (mica) mineralogy: 1- Effect of depletion-collapse of illite (mica) on the K-Ca selectivity

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Towfighi 1
  • Maryam Khalilirad 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

Effects of K-depletion on K-Ca exchange equilibiria were studied in a clay separated from a soil with dominant illite (mica) mineralogy. Treatment of clay with NaTPhB+NaCl for periods of 6, 25 and 150 hours resulted in release of 22.1, 30.8 and 40.7% of total K, respectively. K release was much faster at first and then gradually decreased with the time. Cation exchange capacity (CEC) of the clay increased with K-depletion, indicating that at least some of the K was released from the interlayers of the clay. Mineral weathering contributed significantly to the total extracted Ca. Thus, exchangeable Ca values overestimated by 31.2 to 76.7% when weathering was neglected. Anion adsorption was found to be more than negative adsorption. Comparison of exchange isotherms of K-Ca with non-preference isotherm indicated that K was preferred over calcium up to ẼK≤0.8 in non-depleted clay and up to ẼK≤0.76 in depleted clays. Slight preference of Ca over K was observed on ẼK>0.8. Comparison of K-depleted clay’s exchange isotherms demonstrated that selectivities of exchangers were not affected by K-depletion. A study of XRD patterns of the K-depleted clays after treatment of the clay with a solution having 0.05 equivalent fraction of potassium showed that during the K-Ca exchange, layers were collapsed, but CEC values of these clays indicated that the layer collapse of the clays were not complete. Apparent K preference was increased with ionic strength, and with dilution of equilibrium solution, more Ca was absorbed. The difference between the two exchange isotherms at the two different ionic strengths was a result of valence-dilution effect.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • K-Ca exchange
  • K-depleted illite
  • Ionic strength
  • NaTPhB
  • Selectivity

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 48، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1396
صفحه 149-163

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