بررسی تأثیرشیب و پوشش سنگ‌ریزه بر تولید رواناب و فرسایش خاک با استفاده از شبیه‌ساز باران (مطالعه موردی: حوزه آبخیز پل الماس، اردبیل)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی

2 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی- دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گروه مهندسی آب

3 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، انشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گروه زراعت و اصلاح نباتات

4 دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، گروه مرتع و آبخیزداری

چکیده

فرسایش خاک یکی از مشکلات اساسی زیست­محیطی در کشورهای در حال توسعه ازجمله ایران می­باشد و می­تواند آثار مخربی بر اکوسیستم داشته باشد. این پژوهش به منظور بررسی تأثیر پوشش سنگ­ریزه­ای در شیب­های مختلف بر روی رواناب و هدر­رفت خاک، در مراتع تخریب یافته­ی بالا­دست سد انحرافی الماس در حوزه آبخیز پل الماس اردبیل صورت گرفت. بدین منظور بعد از بررسی­های میدانی در منطقه مورد پژوهش، سه طبقه شیب (شش، 15 و 22 درصد) در منطقه شناسایی شد. در هر طبقه شیب، تیمارهایی با پوشش سنگ­ریزه صفر، 10، 20 و 30 درصد مد نظر قرار گرفت. آزمایش به صورت فاکتوریل در قالب طرح بلوک­های کامل تصادفی اجرا شد. نتایج نشان داد بیشترین حجم رواناب، مقادیر خاک هدررفته، غلظت رسوب وضریب رواناب مربوط به تیمار شاهد (بدون پوشش سنگی) در شیب 22 درصد و کمترین آن­ها مربوط به تیمار 30 درصد پوشش سنگی در شیب شش درصد می­باشد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد با به کار بردن 30 درصد سنگ­ریزه، حجم رواناب تولیدی نسبت به تیمار شاهد (بدون پوشش سنگی) 96 درصد و هدر رفت خاک 519 درصد کاهش یافت. از طرفی بر اساس یافته­های پژوهش، حجم رواناب تولیدی در شیب 22 درصد، حدود 37 درصد نسبت به شیب 15 درصد و 107 درصد نسبت به شیب شش درصد بیشتر بود. در مجموع پوشش 20 تا 30 درصدی سنگ­ریزه و در شیب‌های کمتر از 15 درصد بیشترین تأثیر در کاهش هدررفت خاک، غلظت رسوب و حجم رواناب را داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Gravel Fragment Effect on Runoff Yield and Soil Erosion Using Rainfall Simulation (Case study: Watershed of Almas Bridge, Ardabil)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Elnaz Azartaj 1
  • Ali Rasoulzadeh 2
  • Ali Asghari 3
  • Abazar Esmali 4
1
2
3
4
چکیده [English]

Soil erosion is one of the basic environmental problems in the developing country such as Iran and can be destructive effects on ecosystems. The aim of this study was to investigate the gravel fragment effects on runoff and soil loss in the watershed of Almas Bridge, Ardabil. For this research after the surveys in the area, three class slopes (6, 15 and 22%) were identified in the region. In each slope class, treatments consisted of gravel coverage zero, 10, 20 and 30% were applied. A factorial experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design. Results showed that the maximum runoff volume, soil loss, sediment concentration and runoff coefficient were in the control treatment (without the gravel fragment coverage) in the slope of 22% and the minimum of them were in treatment with 30% of gravel fragment coverage in the slope of 6 percent. The results depicted that the runoff volume and soil loss were decreased 96% and 519%, respectively, using 30% gravel fragment coverage in compared with the control treatment. On the other hand, the finding of this research illustrated that the generated volume of runoff on the slope of 22% is 37 and 107 percent more than the slope of 15% and 6%, respectively. In additional, 20 and 30% of gravel fragment coverage in the slope of less than 15% were shown the most effect on the soil loss, sediment concentration and runoff volume.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Sediment yield
  • Runoff coefficient
  • Gravel fragment coverage
  • Soil loss

مراجع

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 48، شماره 1
اردیبهشت 1396
صفحه 105-111

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