تأثیر سطوح مختلف پساب و آب مغناطیسی شده بر عملکرد و بهره‌وری مصرف آب در آبیاری ذرت و برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 عضو هیات علمی گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد آبیاری و زهکشی دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

در پژوهش حاضر، اثر کاربرد سطوح متفاوت پساب و مخلوط آب و پساب مغناطیسی بر عملکرد، اجزای عملکرد و بهره‌وری مصرف آب در گیاه ذرت رقم ماکسیما و هم چنین برخی خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. تحقیق به صورت آزمایش فاکتوریل دو عاملی در قالب طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در 3 تکرار، از خرداد ماه تا مهر ماه سال 1393 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه زنجان انجام شد. پساب مورد نیاز از تصفیه‌خانه شهر زنجان تهیه شده و در 5 سطح شامل صفر درصد (آب چاه به ‌عنوان شاهد)، 25، 50، 75 و 100 درصد به کرت‌ها داده شد. تیمار مغناطیسی در دو سطح شامل عبور و عدم عبور اختلاط آب و پساب از میدان مغناطیسی بود. میدان مغناطیسی با استفاده از سیم لوله با شدت 1/0 تسلا ایجاد شد. بر اساس نتایج، سطوح متفاوت پساب بر سطح برگ گیاه و محتوای نسبی آب برگ اثر معنی‌دار نداشت. در بین تیمارهای سطوح پساب، بیش‌ترین وزن تر کل و بهره‌وری مصرف آب در وزن تر کل در تیمار 100 درصد پساب حاصل شد که با تیمار شاهد به ترتیب 9/23 تن در هکتار و 6/7 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب اختلاف داشت. این اختلاف در تیمارهای مخلوط آب و پساب مغناطیسی و غیرمغناطیسی به ترتیب 6/14 تن در هکتار و 7/4 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب بود که از نظر آماری اختلاف‌ها معنی‌دار شد. در این پژوهش، تأثیر سطوح متفاوت پساب بر هیچ کدام از خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک در عمق 30-15 سانتی‌متر معنی‌دار نشد. تیمار مخلوط آب و پساب مغناطیسی فقط بر برخی مقادیر خصوصیات فیزیکی خاک در عمق 15-0سانتی‌متری اثر معنی‌دار داشت. بر اساس نتایج، در عمق 15-0سانتی‌متری خاک، مخلوط آب و پساب مغناطیسی باعث افزایش جرم مخصوی ظاهری خاک، درصد رطوبت حجمی و درجه اشباع خاک و کاهش تخلخل خاک به میزان 19، 3، 10 و 8 درصد (به ترتیب) نسبت به تیمار غیرمغناطیسی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of different levels of magnetized wastewater on yield and water use efficiency in maize and some of soil physical properties

نویسندگان [English]

  • Jaefar Nikbakht 1
  • Elham Rezaee 2
1 Associate Professor, Department of Water Engineering, University of Zanjan, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student of Irrigation and Drainage, University of Zanjan
چکیده [English]

In this research, impact of different levels of magnetized wastewater were investigated on yield and water use efficiency in maize cv. Maxima and some of soil physical properties. Research was done as factorial experiment with two factors based on complete randomized blocks with 3 replications from June to October 2014 in Research Farm of Zanjan University. Required wastewater was provided from refinery of Zanjan and was distributed in plots in 5 levels included 0% (well water as control), 25, 50, 75 and 100%. Magnetic water was included crossing and no crossing magnetic field. Based on results, leaf area and relative water content of leaf were not significant affect by different levels of wastewater. Maximum value of maize wet mass and water use efficiency for wet mass were in 100% wastewater treatment which were significantly difference with control treatment as 23.9 tone/ha and 7.6 kg/m3 respectively. Difference between maize wet mass and water use efficiency of wet mass for magnetized and no magnetized water were 14.6 tone/ha and 4.7 kg/m3 (respectively) which were statistically significant.
In this study, effect of different levels of wastewater were not significant on soil physical properties in 0-15 and 15-30 cm depths. The effect of magnetic water on soil physical properties was significant in 0-15 cm of soil depth but there was not significant influence in 15-30 cm depth. Results showed, in 0-15 cm of soil depth, magnetic water increased soil bulk density, volume moisture and soil saturate degree and decreased soil porosity compared to no magnetic water as 19%, 3%, 10% and 8% (respectively).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Magnetic Water
  • maize cv. Maxima
  • soil physical properties
  • Treated Wastewater
  • Water use efficiency
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