بهبودپذیری نفوذ آب در یک خاک حساس به فرسایش در شرایط آزمایشگاهی از طریق افزایش مصنوعی جمعیّت ریزموجودات خاکزی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استاد/ دانشگاه تربیت مدرّس

2 دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

ویژگی‌های تولید رواناب یکی از مهم‌ترین مؤلفه‌های هیدرولوژیکی و ، نمایان‌گر وضعیت سلامت آبخیزها می‌باشد. هم‌چنین نفوذ آب در خاک یکی از مؤلفه‌های خاکی مهم تعیین‌کننده تولید رواناب بوده که راه‌کارهای متعددی برای بهبود آن مورد استفاده و بررسی آزمایش قرار گرفته، ولی  است. حال آن‌که نقش افزایش جمعیت ریزموجودات خاک‌زی با هدف بهبود مقدار نفوذ آب در خاک کمتر مورد توجه قرار گرفته است. لذا در پژوهش حاضر سعی شد تأثیر افزایش مصنوعی جمعیت باکتری‌های خاک به‌عنوان راه‌کاری کاملاً زیستی و نوین در بهبود ویژگی‌های نفوذپذیری خاک مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد. بر همین اساس، ضمن نمونه­برداری از یک خاک حساس به فرسایش از منطقه مرزن‌آباد-کندلوس، باکتری‌های مفید خاک شامل گروه Bacillus subtilisوAzotobacter sp. جداسازی و به‌همراه ماده‌ی غذایی محرّک B4 به‌صورت جداگانه و ترکیبی روی فلوم‌های کوچک فرسایشی تلقیح شدند. با گذشت 60 روز از تلقیح، مقدار نفوذ آب در خاک پس از شبیه‌سازی باران در شرایط آزمایشگاهی اندازه‌گیری شده و تجزیه و تحلیل‌های آماری صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که تمام تیمارهای تلقیحی جداگانه باکتری‌های گروه Bacillus subtilis و Azotobacter sp.، ماده‌ی غذایی محرّک B4 و ترکیبی باکتری‌ها با ماده‌ی غذایی محرّک B4 در سطح اطمینان 99 درصد باعث افزایش نفوذ آب در خاک و طبعاً کاهش حجم و ضریب رواناب نسبت به تیمار شاهد شدند. تیمارهای تلقیح جداگانه باکتری‌‌های گروه Bacillus subtilis و Azotobacter sp.، ماده غذایی B4 و ترکیبی آن‌ها به‌ترتیب منجر به افزایش 18، 10 و 21 درصدی نفوذ آب در خاک شدند. نتایج پژوهش فعلی ضمن تأیید نقش غنی‌سازی جمعیت باکتریایی سطح خاک از طریق تلقیح و تحریک باکتری‌ها در افزایش نفوذ، نشان داد که تلقیح ترکیبی باکتری با ماده حمایتی محرّک و غذایی بهترین عملکرد در افزایش نفوذ آب در خاک مورد مطالعه را داشت. 

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Improvability of Water Infiltration in an Erosion-Prone Soils under Laboratorial Conditions through Artificial Increasing of Soil Microorganisms Population

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi 1
  • Hossein Kheirfam 2
  • Mehdi Homaee 2
  • Behrouz Zarei Darki 2
1 Professor/ Tarbiat Modares University
2 Tarbiat Modares University
چکیده [English]

Runoff production process is a key hydrological component illustrating watersheds health. Water infiltration in soil is also one of the determinant factors on runoff generation for which many techniques were used to improve it. However, the role of microorganisms for the improvement of water infiltration in soil has been less considered. The present study therefore tried to investigate the effect of artificial soil bacteria population proliferation as a completely biologically and modern technique to improve soil surface properties and increase soil infiltration. To this end, the beneficial bacteria include Bacillus subtilis strain and Azotobacter sp. were isolated and inoculated individually and combined with B4 stimulant nutrient matter to small erosion plots filled by an erosion-prone soil of Marzanabad-Kandelus road neighboring region and left for 60 days. The water infiltration in soil was then measured after rainfall simulation in experimental condition and then the statistical analyses were conducted. The results showed that the inoculation treatments (individually inoculation of Bacillus subtilis strain and Azotobacter sp., individually injection of B4 stimulant nutrient matter and combined inoculation of bacteria and B4 stimulant nutrient matter) improved the water infiltration in soil and reduced volume and consequently coefficient of runoff in 99% of confidence level compared to control. The water infiltration in soil in Bacillus subtilis strain and Azotobacter sp. bacteria inoculation, B4 stimulant nutrient matter and their combined treatments increased about 18, 10 and 21%, respectively. In conclusion, enrichment of soil crust bacteria population through inoculation and simulation techniques was approved in reducing runoff yield. The combined inoculation of Bacillus subtilis strain and Azotobacter sp. bacteria with B4 stimulant nutrient matter had the best performance in increasing water infiltration in study soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Bio-amendments
  • Ecohydrology
  • Land degradation
  • Soil and Water Conservation

مراجع

Abrusci, C., Martín-González, A., Del Amo, A., Catalina, F., Collado, J. and Platas, G. (2005). Isolation and identification of bacteria and fungi from cinematographic films. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 56(1), 58-68.
Atlas, R. M. (2010). Handbook of microbiological media, (4th ed.). Taylor and Francis Group publication, LLC, 2036 p.
Awad, N. M., Abd El-Kader, A. A., Attia, M. and Alva, A. K. (2011). Effects of nitrogen fertilization and soil inoculation of sulfur-oxidizing or nitrogen-fixing bacteria on onion plant growth and yield. International Journal of Agronomy, 2011: 316856, 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/316856.
Awad, Y. M., Blagodatskaya, E., Ok, Y. S. and Kuzyakov, Y. (2012). Effects of polyacrylamide, biopolymer, and biochar on decomposition of soil organic matter and plant residues as determined by 14C and enzyme activities. European Journal of Soil Biology, 48, 1-10.
Belnap, J., Wilcox, B. P., Van Scoyoc, M. W. and Phillips, S. L. (2013). Successional stage of biological soil crusts: an accurate indicator of ecohydrological condition. Ecohydrology, 6(3), 474-482.
Benslama, O., Boulahrouf, A. 2013. Impact of glyphosate application on the microbial activity of two Algerian soils. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 2, 628-35.
Bihamta, M. R. and Zare Chahouki, M. A. (2015). Principles of statistics for the natural resources science, (4th ed.). University of Tehran Press, 300p (In Farsi)
 Blanco, H. and Lal, R. (2008). Principles of soil conservation and management. Springer Science and Business Media, 638 p.
Borges, M. T., Nascimento, A. G., Rocha, U. N. and Tótola, M. R. (2008). Nitrogen starvation affects bacterial adhesion to soil. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 39(3), 457-463.
Cappuccino, J. G. and Sherman, N. (2007). Microbiology: a laboratory manual. Dorling Kindersley Pvt. Ltd, License of Pearson Education, New Delhi, India, 143-193.
Chamizo, S., Cantón, Y., Domingo, F. and Belnap, J. (2011). Evaporative losses from soils covered by physical and different types of biological soil crusts. Hydrological Processes, 27(3), 324-332.
Chamizo, S., Cantón, Y., Miralles, I. and Domingo, F. (2012). Biological soil crust development affects physicochemical characteristics of soil surface in semiarid ecosystems. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 49, 96-105.
Deng, J., Orner, E. P., Chau, J. F., Anderson, E. M., Kadilak, A. L., Rubinstein, R. L., Bouchillon, G. M., Goodwin, R. A., Gage, D. J. and Shor, L. M. (2015). Synergistic effects of soil microstructure and bacterial EPS on drying rate in emulated soil micromodels. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 83, 116-124.
Epelde, L., Burges, A., Mijangos, I. and Garbisu, C. (2013). Microbial properties and attributes of ecological relevance for soilquality monitoring during a chemical stabilization field study. Applied Soil Ecology, 75, 1-12.
Fonon Ab Hasti Consulting Engineer. (2011). Watershed studies (detailed)-pedology and land capability of K1-1sub-Basin in Chalusrood River- Nowshahr. 89 p.
Ghasemi, A. and Zahediasl, S. (2012). Normality tests for statistical analysis: A guide for non-statisticians. International Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10(2), 486-489.
Hillel, D. (2003). Introduction to environmental soil physics. Academic press, 494 p.
Höper, D., Völker, U. and Hecker, M.  (2005). Comprehensive characterization of the contribution of individual SigB-dependent general stress genes to stress resistance of Bacillus subtilis. Journal of Bacteriology, 187, 2810–2826.
Huang, P. M., Bollag, J. M. and Senesi, N. (2002). Interactions between soil particles and microorganisms: impact on the terrestrial ecosystem. John Wiley & Sons, 566 p.
Huang, Q., Wu, H., Cai, P., Fein, J. B. and Chen, W. (2015). Atomic force microscopy measurements of bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation onto clay-sized particles. Scientific Reports, 5, 16857.
Kakeh, J., Gorji, M., Tavili, A., Sohrabi, M. and Pourbabaei, A. A. (2014). Effect of biological soil crusts on soil hydrological in the Ghareghir rangelands of Golestan Province. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 44(4), 397-403. (In Farsi)
Kavian, A., Asgariyan, R., Jafarian Jeloudar, Z. and Bahmanyar, M. A. (2014). Effect of Soil Properties on Runoff and Sediment Yield in Farm Scale (Case study: a part of Sari Town neighboring Croplands). Water and Soil Science. 23(4), 45-57. (In Farsi)
Kheirfam, H., Sadeghi, S. H. R., Homaee, M. and Zarei Darki, B. (2014). Role of soil microorganisms in soil and water loss control. Extension and Development of Watershed Management, 2(5), 19-27. (In Farsi)
Kheirfam, H. and Vafakhah, M. (2015). Evaluation of gamma test, cluster analysis, discriminant function analysis and Andrews Curves methods to separate homogeneous watersheds for regional analysis of suspended sediment. Journal of Water and Soil Resources Conservation. 4(2), 65-85. (In Farsi)
Kidron, G. J., Monger, H. C., Vonshak, A. and Conrod, W. (2012). Contrasting effects of microbiotic crusts on runoff in desert surfaces. Geomorphology, 139, 484-494.
Lee, S. S., Gantzer, C. J., Thompson, A. L. and Anderson, S. H. (2010). Polyacrylamide and gypsum amendments for erosion and runoff control on two soil series. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 65(4), 233-242.
Lutton, E., Schellevisa, R. and Shanmuganathan, A. (2013). Culture-dependent methods increase observed soil bacterial diversity from Marcellus shale temperate forest in Pennsylvania, Journal of Student Research, 2(1), 9-16.
Maqubela, M. P., Muchaonyerwa, P. and Mnkeni, P. N. S. (2012). Inoculation effects of two South African cyanobacteria strains on aggregate stability of a silt loam soil. African Journal of Biotechnology, 11(47), 10726-10735.
Miralles, I., Cantón, Y. and Solé-Benet, A. (2011). Two-dimensional porosity of crusted silty soils: indicators of soil quality in semiarid rangelands? Soil Science Society of America Journal, 75, 1289-1301.
Powell, J. T., Chatziefthimiou, A. D., Banack, S. A., Cox, P. A. and Metcalf, J. S. (2015). Desert crust microorganisms, their environment, and human health. Journal of Arid Environments, 112, 127-133.
Rashid, M. I., Mujawar, L. H., Shahzad, T., Almeelbi, T., Ismail, I. M. and Oves, M. (2016). Bacteria and fungi can contribute to nutrients bioavailability and aggregate formation in degraded soils. Microbiological Research, 183, 26-41.
Rodríguez-Caballero, E., Cantón, Y., Chamizo, S., Lázaro, R. and Escudero, A. (2013). Soil loss and runoff in semiarid ecosystems: A complex interaction between biological soil crusts, micro-topography, and hydrological drivers. Ecosystems, 16(4), 529-546.
Rossi, F., Olguın, E. J., Diels, L., De Philippis, R. 2015. Microbial fixation of CO2 in water bodies and in drylands to combat climate change, soil loss and desertification. New Biotechnology, 32(1), 109-120.
Sadeghi, S. H. R., Abdollahi, Z., Darvishan, A. K. 2013. Experimental comparison of some techniques for estimating natural raindrop size distribution on the south coast of the Caspian Sea, Iran. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 58(6), 1374-1382.
Sadeghi, S. H. R., Gholami, L., Homaee, M. and Khaledi Darvishan, A. V. (2015a). Reducing sediment concentration and soil loss using organic and inorganic amendments at plot scale, Solid Earth, 6, 445-455.
Sadeghi, S. H. R., Gholami, L., Sharifi, E., Khaledi Darvishan, A. and Homaee, M. (2015b). Scale effect on runoff and soil loss control using rice straw mulch under laboratory conditions. Solid Earth, 6, 1-8.
Sadeghi, S. H. R., Hazbavi, Z. and Kiani Harchegani, M. (2016). Controllability of runoff and soil loss from small plots treated by vinasse-produced biochar. Science of The Total Environment, 541, 483-490.
Sears, J. T. and Prithiviraj, B. (2012). Seeding of large areas with biological soil crust starter culture formulations: using an aircraft disbursable granulate to increase stability, fertility and CO2 sequestration on a landscape scale. IEEE Green Technologies Conference, 19-20 April 2012, Tulsa, OK, pp. 1-3.
Sojka, R. E., Bjorneberg, D. L., Entry, J. A., Lentz, R. D. and Orts, W. J. (2007). Polyacrylamide in agriculture and environmental land management. Advances in Agronomy, 92, 75-162.
Strauss, S. L., Day, T. A. and Garcia-Pichel, F. (2012). Nitrogen cycling in desert biological soil crusts across biogeographic regions in the Southwestern United States. Biogeochemistry, 108, 171-182.
Tripathi, P., Beaussart, A., Andre, G., Rolain, T., Lebeer, S., Vanderleyden, J., Hols, P. and Dufrêne, Y. F. (2012). Towards a nanoscale view of lactic acid bacteria. Micron, 43(12), 1323-1330.
Umer, M. I. and Rajab, Sh. M. (2012). Correlation between aggregate stability and microbiological activity in two Russian soil types. Eurasian Journal of Soil Science, 1, 45-50.
Valencia, Y., Camapum, J. and Torres, F. A. (2014). Influence of biomineralization on the physico-mechanical profile of a tropical soil affected by erosive processes, Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 74, 98-99.
Veum, K. S., Goyne, K. W., Kremer, R. J., Miles, R. J. and Sudduth, K. A. (2014). Biological indicators of soil quality and soil organic matter characteristics in an agricultural management continuum. Biogeochemistry, 117(1), 81-99.
Vieira, F. C. S. and Nahas, E., (2005). Comparison of microbial numbers in soils by using various culture media and temperatures. Microbiological Research, 160, 197-202.
Wang, W. B., Liu, Y. D., Li, D. H., Hua, C. X. and Rao, B. Q. (2009). Feasibility of cyanobacterial inoculation for biological soil crusts formation in desert area. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 41, 926-929.
Zhao, Y., Qin, N., Weber, B. and Xu, M. (2014). Response of biological soil crusts to raindrop erosivity and underlying influences in the hilly Loess Plateau region, China. Biodiversity and Conservation, 23(7), 1669-1686.
Zhao, Y. and Xu, M. (2013). Runoff and soil loss from revegetated grasslands in the hilly Loess Plateau region, China: Influence of biocrust patches and plant canopies. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 18, 387-393.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار