بررسی انتشارپذیری یون نیترات در خاک ماسه‌ای با استفاده از مدل HYDRUS-1D

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 استادیار، گروه آیاری و زهکشی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 استاد، گروه محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

4 استادیار دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز ، گروه علوم خاک

چکیده

افزایش استفاده از کودهای ازته به دلیل پویایی زیاد نیترات در خاک تهدیدی جدی برای آب­های زیرزمینی و درنتیجه سلامت انسان است. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی مقادیر انتشارپذیری نیترات در خاک­های ماسه­ای درشت، متوسط و ریز در فواصل انتقال 20، 40 و 80 سانتی­متری در شرایط آزمایشگاهی با مدل HYDRUS-1D می­باشد. بدین منظور محلول نمک خالص نیترات پتاسیم به‌عنوان آلاینده پایدار تحت رژیم ماندگار با غلظت 160 میلی­گرم بر لیتر به ستون­های خاک اضافه شد، سپس به‌منظور استخراج پارامترهای موردنیاز برای رسم منحنی رخنه غلظت نیترات خروجی در حجم­های تخلخل متفاوت اندازه­گیری و منحنی رخنه برای هر ستون رسم گردید. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش اندازه ذرات خاک انتشارپذیری افزایش می­یابد. همچنین با افزایش متوسط فاصله انتقال در ماسه درشت و متوسط، مقدار انتشارپذیری نیترات بیش­تر شد. اما در ماسه ریز مقدار انتشارپذیری با افزایش فاصله انتقال کاهش یافت. مقادیر انتشارپذیری برای ماسه ریز از 50/30 تا 55/42 سانتی­متر، ماسه متوسط 06/57 تا 51/68 سانتی­متر و ماسه درشت 08/68 تا 26/97 سانتی­متر، محاسبه شد. درصد متوسط خطای مدل (Er) در تخمین پارامتر ضریب انتشارپذیری برای خاک ماسه­ای ریز کم­تر و مقدار ضریب تعیین (R2) در آن نسبتاً بیش­تر از خاک­های ماسه­ای درشت و متوسط به­دست آمد که به معنای پایین­تر بودن روند کلی مقدار خطا و بالاتر بودن دقت در شبیه­سازی انتقال نیترات در این مدل برای خاک ماسه­ای ریز می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

The Study of Nitrate Dispersivity in Sandy Soil Using HYDRUS-1D Model

نویسندگان [English]

  • Atefeh Azadifar 1
  • Amir Soltani mohammadi 2
  • Hadi Moazed 3
  • Ahmad Farrokhian Firuzi 4
2 Assistant Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
3 Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Science, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
4 3Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
چکیده [English]

The increasing use of nitrogen fertilizers due to high dynamics of nitrate in the soil would be a serious threat to groundwater, and therefore, to thuman health. This study is aimed to investigate the disperdivity values of nitrate in the coarse, medium and fine sandy soils in the short travel distance of 20, 40 and 80 cm in vitro using the HYDRUS-1D model. For this purpose, pure potassium nitrate salt solution under the sustainable regime with concentration of 160 (mg/lit) was added to the soil columns as persistent contaminants, then for extracting the needed parameters the concentration of output nitrate in three different porosities volumes were measured and Breakthrough curves were plotted for each column. The results showed that dispersivity increases as the soil particle size increases. Also, by increasing the average travel distance in medium and coarse sands nitrate disperdivity values increased. But in the fine sand the disperdivity values decreased as the transmission distance increased. The disperdivity values for fine, medium and coarse sand were from 30/50 to 42/55 cm, 57/06 to 68/51 cm, and 68/50 to 97/06 cm, respectively. The average model error percent (Er) was less for fine sandy soil, and coefficient of determination (R2) was relatively more for fine sandy soil than the coarse and medium sandy soils, which means the lower error value and higher precision of the overall process in simulation of nitrate transfer in this model for the fine sandy soils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Keywords: travel distance
  • breakthrough curve
  • Sandy soil saturation
  • Pollutant Transfer

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