تأثیر مدیریت آبیاری ناقص ریشه با کاربرد آب تلفیقی دریا بر بهره‌وری آب و عملکرد گیاه آفتابگردان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه زابل

2 دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی ساری

چکیده

استفاده منابع آب شور همگام با کاهش سطح آب مصرفی در طول فصل رشد گیاه نقش مهمی در سازگاری با کم‌آبی خواهد داشت. در این شرایط، اعمال مدیریت صحیح مصرف آب با هدف حفظ محصول در برابر تنش‌های اسمزی و کم‌آبی می‌تواند امنیت غذایی را به همراه آورد. به همین دلیل در این پژوهش، تأثیر مدیریت آبیاری ناقص ریشه با آب تلفیقی دریا بر خصوصیات کمی گیاه آفتابگردان و بهره‌وری آب در مزرعه بررسی می‌شود. تیمارهای آزمایش به‌صورت فاکتوریل و در قالب طرح پایه بلوک شامل آبیاری کامل با کاربرد آب شیرین (FI)، آبیاری کامل با کاربرد آب شور (SI)، آبیاری کامل با کاربرد تناوبی آب شور و شیرین (FSI)، آبیاری ناقص ریشه در سطح 75 درصد با آب شیرین (PRD1)، آبیاری ناقص ریشه در سطح 75 درصد با آب شور (PRD2) و آبیاری ناقص ریشه در سطح 75 درصد با کاربرد تناوبی آب شور و شیرین (PRD3) بود. نتایج نشان داد که تیمارهای PRD1، PRD3 و FSI اختلاف معنی‌داری با تیمار شاهد (FI) ازلحاظ عملکرد، شاخص برداشت و بهره‌وری آب نداشتند. بالاترین میزان عملکرد در تیمار شاهد با 4706 کیلوگرم در هکتار و حداکثر شاخص برداشت و بهره‌وری آب به ترتیب با مقادیر 33/85 درصد و 12/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب در هکتار در تیمار PRD1 مشاهده شد. تیمارهای SI و PRD2 به ترتیب با مقادیر 3983 و 3636 کیلوگرم در هکتار، کمترین سطح عملکرد را به خود اختصاص دادند. نتایج این پژوهش نشان می‌دهد که با اعمال یک مدیریت بهینه در تیمار PRD3، علاوه بر 25 درصد کاهش در کل آب مصرفی در طول دورۀ اعمال تیمار، می‌توان بخشی از نیاز باقیماندۀ گیاه در این دوره را نیز از منابع آب شور تأمین نموده و صرفه‌جویی بیش‌تری در مصرف آب شیرین در کشت آفتابگردان داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

influence of Partial Root-zone Drying management with a combination of sea water on water productivity and sunflower yield

نویسندگان [English]

  • Moazam Khaleghi 1
  • Farzad Hasanpour 1
  • Ali Shahnazari 2
  • Fatemeh Karandish 1
چکیده [English]

Application of saline water sources combined with reducing water consumption during crops growing seasons will have an important role in adjustment with water crisis. In this regard, applying a suitable water management aimed at sustaining crops under osmotic stress and water deficit can cause food security. Thus, in this research, the influence of partial root zone drying with a combination of sea water on quantitative properties and water productivity of sunflower was investigated in Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University of Sari. Treatments were arranged on factorial based on randomized complete block design with three replications. Six treatments included full irrigation with fresh water (FI), full irrigation with saline water (SI), full irrigation with periodic use of saline water and fresh water (FSI), partial root zone drying irrigation with fresh water (PRD1), partial root zone drying irrigation with saline water (PRD2) and partial root zone drying irrigation with periodic use of saline water and fresh water (PRD3). The results showed that significant difference was not found between the treatments of PRD1, PRD3 and FSI compared with FI in yield, harvest index and water productivity. The highest yield with the value of 4706 (kg/ha) in the control treatment and the maximum values of harvest index (%50.63) and water productivity (1.12 kg m3 ha-1) in PRD1 treatment was found. SI and PRD2 treatments had the lowest level of yield with values of 3983 and 3636 (kg/ha), respectively. It could be concluded that in addition to 25 % water saving under applying a suitable irrigation management in PRD3 treatment, it is possible to supply a part of crop water demand with saline water during treatment period which results in higher fresh water saving for sunflower cultivation. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • alternative use of saline water and fresh water
  • Water Productivity
  • water use management
  • Mazandaran
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