Aguilar, R., Kelly, E. F. and Heil, R. D. (1988) Effect of cultivation on soil in northern Great Plains rangeland. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 52, 1081-1085.
Amador, J. A., Gluch sman, A. M., Lyons, J. B. and Gorres, J. H. (1997) Spatial distribution of soil phosphatase activity within a riparian forest. Soil Science. 162(11), 808-824.
Andrews, S. S., Mitchell, J. P., Mancinelli, R., Karlen, K. L., Hartz, T. K., Horwath, W. R., Pettygrove, G. S., Scow, K. M. and Munk, D. S. (2002) On-farm assessment of soil quality in California's central valley. Agronomy Journal. 94, 12–23.
Bastida, F., Zsolnay, A., Hern’andez T. and Garc’ia, C. (2008) Past present and future of soil quality indices: A biological perspective. Geoderma. 160-167.
Bergstrom, D. W., Monreal, C. M. and King, D. J. (1998) Sensivity of soil enzyme activities to conservation practices. Soil Science Society of America Journal. 62, 1286-1295.
Brookes, P. C., Powlson, D. S. and Jenkinson, D. S. (1984) Phosphorus in soil microbial biomass. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 16, 169-175.
Burns, R. G. (1978) Soil enzymes. Academic Press, New York Caldwell B. A., Griffiths, R. P. and Sollins, P. (1999) Soil enzyme response to vegetation disturbance in two lowland Costa Rican soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 31, 1603–1608.
Caravaca, F., Masciandaro, F. and Ceccanti, B. (2002) Land use in relation to soil chemical and biochemical properties in a semiarid Mediterranean environment. Soil and Tillage Research. 68, 23–30.
Cartner, M. R. and Gregorich, E. G. (1997) Concepts of soil quality and their significance. In: Gregorich, E. G. and Cartner, M. R. (Eds.), Methods or Assessing Soil Quality. Science Society of America Journal. Special Pub., No. 49, Madison, WI.
Chu, H., Lin, X., Fujii, T., Morimoto, S., Yagi, K., Hu, J. and Zhang, J. (2007) Soil microbial biomass, dehydrogenase activity, bacterial community structure in response to long-term fertilizer management. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 39, 2971-2976.
Clarholm, M. (1993) Microbial biomass P, labile P and acid phosphatase activity in the humus layer of spruce forest, after repeated additions of fertilizers. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 16, 287-292.
Cookson, P. and Lepiece, G. L. (1996) Urease enzyme activities in soils of the Batinah region of the sultanate of Oman. Journal of Arid Environments. 32, 225-238.
Dick R. P., Breakwill D. and Turco R. (1996) Soil enzyme activities and biodiversity measurements as integrating biological indicators. In: Doran, J.W., Jones, A.J. (Eds.), Handbook of Methods for Assessment of Soil Quality. pp: 247-272. Soil Science Society of America, Madison.
Dick, R. P. (1994) Soil enzyme activities as indicators of soil quality. In: Doran, J. W., Coleman, D. C., Bezdicek, D. F. and Stewart, B. A. (Eds.), Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment. pp: 107-124. Soil Science Society of America, Madison.
Dick, W. A. (1984) Influence of long-term tillage and crop rotation combinations on soil enzyme activities. SoilScience Society of America Journal. 48, 569–574.
Doran, J. W. and Parkin, T. B. (1994) Defining and assessing soil quality. In: Doran J.W. et al. (Eds.), Defining soil quality for a sustainable environment, SSSA Special Publication. 35. SSSA and ASA, Madison, WI, pp. 3-21.
Ebrahimzad, S. A., Aliasgharzad, N. and Najafi, N. (2013) Effect of land use changes on soil enzyme activity in Sulduz plain (Naqadeh-West Azarbaijan). Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production. 3(2): 133-149. (In Farsi)
Eivazi, F. and Tabatabai, M. A. (1977) Phosphatases in soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 9 (3), 167-172.
Frankenberger, J. R. and Bingham, F. T. (1982) Influence of salinity on soil enzyme activities. SoilScience Society of America Journal. 46: 1173-1177.
Gianfreda, L. and Bollag, J. M. (1996) Influence of natural and anthropogenic factors on enzyme activity in soil. Soil Biochemistry. 9:123-193.
Hajabbasi, M.A., Jalalian, A. and Karimzadeh H. R. (1997) Deforestation effects on soil physical and chemical properties, Lordegan, Iran. Plant and Soil. 190: 301-308.
Herbien, S. A. and Neal, J. L., (1990) Soil pH and phosphatase activity. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis. 21: 439-456.
Hosseini, M. S., Haghnia, A., Lakzian, A. and Emami, H. (2010) Short-term effects of Barley residue management on Urease and Alkaline Phosphatase activities. Journal of Water and Soil, 26(3), 545-553. (In Farsi)
Hu, C. and Cao, Z. (2007) Size and activity of the soil microbial biomass and soil enzyme activity in long-term field experiments. World Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 1:63-70.
Juma, N. G. and Tabatabai, M. A. (1977) Distribution of phosphomonoesterases in soil. SoilScience Society of America Journal. (126): 101-108.
Karlen, D. L., Andrews, S. S. and Mitchell, J. P. (1999) A soil quality index for vegetable production. p. 219. In1999 Agron. abstr. ASA, 23:437–451.Madison, WI.
Khademi, H., mohammadi, J. and Nael, M. (2006) Comparison of selected soil quality indicators in different land use management systems in Boroojen, Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province, The Scientific Journal of Agriculture. 29: 111-124, (In Farsi)
Kizilkaya, R. and Dengiz O. (2010) Variation of land use and land cover effects on some soil physico-chemical characteristics and soil enzyme activity. Zemdirbyste-Agriculture, 97(2): 15-24.
Kourtev, P. S., Ehrenfeld, J. G. and Huang, W. Z. (2002) Enzyme activities during litter decomposition of two exotic and two native plant species in hardwood forests of New Jersey. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 34:1207-1218.
Lal, K. M., Ye, D. Y. and Wong, J. W. C. (1999) Enzyme activities in a sandy soil amended with sewage sludge and coal fly ash. Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 113, 261-272.
Li, Q., Liang, J. H., He, Y. Y., Hu, Q. J. and Yu, S. (2014) Effect of land use on soil enzyme activities at karst area in Nanchuan, Chongqing, Southwest China. Plant, Soil and Environment. 60(1), 15–20.
McLean, E. O. (1982) Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Page, A. L. (ed): Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Chemical and microbiological properties. Madison, Wisconsin, USA. P: 199-224.
Nannipieri, P., Grego S. and Caccanti, B. (1990) Ecological significance of the biological activity in soil. In: Bollag, S. J. M. & G. Stotzky. (eds). Soil Biochemistry. Marcel Dekker, New York. pp. 293-355.
Nelson, D. W. and Sommers, L. E. (1982) Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter, pp: 539-580. In: A. L. Page, R. H. Miller and D. R. Keeney (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. Soil Science Society of America, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Olander, L. P. and Vitousek, P. M., (2000) Regulation of soil phosphatase and chitinase activity by N and P availability. Biogeochemistry. 49: 175–190.
Olsen, S. R. and Sommers, L. E. (1982) Phosphorus. In: Page AL, Miller R.H., Keeney D.R. (eds). Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 2. AM Soc Agron, SoilScience Society of America Journal, Madison, Wisconsin, pp 403-430.
Pathak, H. and Rao, D. L. N. (1998) Carbon and nitrogen mineralization from added organic matter in saline and alkali soils. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 30, 695-702.
Raiesi, F. (2007) The conversion of overgrazed pastures to almond orchards and alfalfa cropping systems may favor microbial indicators of soil quality in Central Iran. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 121, 309-318.
Rasmussen, P. E. and Douglas, C. L. (1992) The influence of tillage and cropping intensity on cereal response to N, sulfur and P. Fertilizer Research. 31, 15-19
Rezapour, S. and Samadi, A. (2012) Assessment of inceptisols soil quality following long-term cropping in a calcareous environment. Environmental Monitoring Assessment. 184(3), 1311-1323.
Ross, M., Hernandez, M. T. and Garcia, C. (2003) Soil microbial activity after restoration of a semiarid soil by organic amendments. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 35, 463-469.
Salam, A. K., Katayama, A. and Kimura, M. (1998) Activities of some soil enzymes in different land use systems after deforestation in hilly areas of West Lampung, South Sumatra, Indonesia. Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 44(1), 93–103.
Salardini, A. A. (1995) Soil Fertility, The University of Tehran press. 428p. (In Farsi)
Sena, M. M., Frighetto, R. T. S., Valarini, O. J., Tokeshi, H. and Poppi, R. J. (2002) Discrimination of management effects on soil parameters by using principal component analysis: a multivariate analysis case study. Soil and Tillage Research. 67, 171–181.
Sheikhlou, F. (2013) Evaluation of soil enzyme activity in agronomic orchard and forest ecosystems. MSc Thesis in Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. 82p. (In Farsi)
Six, J., Elliot, E. T. and Paustian, K. (2000) Soil macroaggregate turn over and micro-aggregate formation for C sequestration under no-tillage agriculture. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 32, 2099-2103.
Soltani-Sisi, Gh. (2005) Geological map of Iran. 1:100000 series. Sheet No. 5065. Publication of Geological Survey and Mineral Exploration Organization of Iran.
Sparks, D. L., Page, A. L., Helmke, P. A., Loeppert, R. H., Soltanpour, P. N., Tabatabai, M. A., Johnston, C. T., and Sumner, M. E. (1996) Methods of Soil Analysis Part 3- Chemical methods. Soil Science Society of America Book Ser. 5, Madison, Wisconsin, USA. 1390 p.
Tabatabai, M. A. (1982) Soil enzyms. In: Methods of soil analysis. Part II. Chemical and microbiological properties. Page, A. L., Miller, E. N. and Keeney, D. R. (eds.), American Society of Agronomy. (pp. 903-947). Madison.
Tabatabai, M. A. (1994) Soil enzymes. In: Weaver, R.W., Angle, J.S. and Bottomley, P.S. (Eds.), Methods of Soil Analysis: Microbiological and Biochemical Properties. Part 2. SSSA Book Ser. 5. SSSA, Madison, WI, pp. 775–833.
Tabatabai, M. A. and Bremner, J. M. (1972) Assay of urease activity in soil. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 4 (4), 479-487.
Thalmann, A. (1968) Zur Methodik der Bestimmung der Dehydrogenaseaktivitat im Boden mittels Triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride (TTC). Landwirtsch Forsch. 21, 249-258.
Thomson, B., Robson, A. D. and Abbort, L. K. (1986) Effects of phosphorus on the formation of mycorrhizaes by Gigaspora and Glomus fasciculatum in relation to root carbohydrates. New Phytologist. 103, 751-763.
Trasar-Cepeda, C., Leiros, M. C. and Gil-Sotres, F. (2008) Hydrolytic enzyme activities in agricultural and forest soils. Some implications for their use as indicators of soil quality. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 40(9), 2146-2155.
Wang, Q. K., Wang S. L. and Liu, Y. X. (2008) Responses to N and P fertilization in a young Eucalyptus dunnii plantations: microbial properties, enzyme activities and dissolved organic matter. Applied Soil Ecology. 40, 484-490.
Wyszkowska, J., Kucharski, J. and Benedycka, Z. (2001) Physicochemical properties and enzymatic activity of sulfur-acidified horticultural soil. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies. 10, 293-296.
Xiongwen, C. H. and Bai-Lian, L. I. (2003) Change in soil carbon and nutrient storage after human disturbance of primary Korean pine forest in Northern China. Forest Ecology and Management. 186, 197-206.
Xue, Z., Cheng, M. and An, S. (2013) Soil nitrogen distributions for different land uses and landscape positions in a small watershed on Loess Plateau, China. Ecological Engineering. 60, 204-213.
Zach, A., Tiessen, H. and Noellemeyer, E. (2006) Carbon turnover and 13C natural abundance under land use change in the semiarid La Pampa, Argentina. Soil Science Society American Journal. 70, 1541-1546.
Zhou, J. Z., Davey, M. E. and Figueras, J. B. Ravkina. (1997) Phylogenetic diversity of a bacterial community determined from Siberian tundra soil DNA. Microbiology. 143, 3913-3919.
)