تولید روان‌آب و هدررفت خاک در مراتع با پوشش ضعیف تحت تأثیر تغییر کاربری زمین و جهت شخم

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد فیزیک-حفاظت خاک گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه زنجان

2 دانشیار بخش فیزیک-حفاظت خاک گروه علوم خاک دانشگاه زنجان

چکیده

اگرچه نقش تغییر کاربری زمین و جهت شخم در هدررفت خاک در اراضی مرتعی مورد مطالعه قرار گرفته است لیکن اطلاعات کافی در مورد نقش فعالیت‌های بشر در نواحی نیمه خشک به ویژه در ایران موجود نیست. بنابراین این مطالعه به منظور بررسی نقش تغییر کاربری و جهت شخم بر تولید رواناب و هدررفت خاک در مرتعی با پوشش گیاهی ضعیف در شمال غرب ایران در سال 1393 انجام گرفت. به این منظور چهار مرتع ضعیف با شیب‌های 6/12، 37/15، 17 و 4/19 درصد انتخاب و شش کرت به ابعاد 3 متر در 10 متر در هر یک در اوایل پاییز 1392 احداث شد. کرت‌ها شامل مرتع با پوشش طبیعی، کشت گندم دیم در جهت موازی با شیب و کشت گندم دیم در جهت عمود بر شیب بودند. در مجموع 24 کرت در قالب بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در دو تکرار مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. میزان روان‌آب و رسوب ناشی از باران‌های طبیعی طی دوره هشت ماه رشد مورد اندازه‌گیری قرار گرفت. بر اساس نتایج تولید روان‌آب و هدررفت خاک هردو به طور معنی‌داری تحت تأثیر تغییر کاربری قرار گرفت (p < 0.01). با تبدیل کاربری مرتع به کشت گندم دیم، تولید روان‌آب و هدررفت خاک به ترتیب 13 و 60 برابر افزایش یافت. در کشت موازی شیب نسبت به کشت عمود بر شیب میزان روان‌آب و هدررفت خاک به ترتیب 5/5 و 35 برابر بیش‌تر بود. رابطه معنی‌داری بین درصد شیب و تولید روان‌آب (R² = 0.98, p < 0.05) و هدررفت خاک (R² = 0.99, p < 0.01) وجود داشت. به‌طورکلی نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که تغییر کاربری مراتع با پوشش ضعیف به زراعت و کشت موازی شیب منجر به تشدید تولید روان‌آب و هدررفت خاک می‌گردد. اهمیت موضوع به‌ویژه در شیب‌های بالا بسیار شدیدتر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Runoff and soil loss as affected by land use change and plough direction in poor vegetation cover pastures

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Zarrinabadi 1
  • Ali Reza Vaezi 2
1 Former M.Sc. student in Soil Physics and Conservation, Soil Science Department, University of Zanjan
2 associate Professor of Soil Physics and Conservation, Soil Science Department, University of Zanjan
چکیده [English]

The effects of land use change and ploughing method on soil erosion in pastures have been widely known, nevertheless, there is not sufficient information regarding these human activities in semi-arid regions, particularly in Iran. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the effect of land use change as well as ploughing method on surface runoff, soil loss and crop yield in poorly vegetated pastures, in a semi-arid region of NW Iran, in 2014. Four scantly covered pastures of 12.6, 15.37, 17 and 19.4% slope steepness as were considered in the area with six plots (3m×10m) established in each, early autumn 2013. The plots consisted of pasture vegetation cover, rain fed wheat cultivation on the up to down slope, as well as rain fed wheat cultivation on the contours. A total of 24 plots were investigated using a completely randomized block design of at two replicates. Runoff and soil loss were recorded at the plots under natural rainfall events during on 8 month growth period. Soil loss was also measured at the plot outlets after each natural rainfall event causing runoff the study period. Significant differences were found between the cultivated plots and pasture plots in runoff and soil loss (p<0.01). Runoff and soil loss in the cultivated lands appeared to be 13 and 60 times bigger than the lands under pasture the  two variables  for  the (up to down slope) cultivated plots were about 5.5 and 35 times greater than the contour cultivated plots. There existed a significant relationship between the slope and runoff generation (R²= 0.978, p < 0.05), and soil loss (R² = 0.998, p < 0.01) in the study slopes. The study revealed that the change of pastures to arable lands and ploughing up to down slope in semi-arid regions leads to accelerate on of runoff and soil loss, particularly in the lands of high slope steepness.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Natural rainfall
  • Plough on the contours
  • Plough up and down slope
  • Experimental plot
  • Rain-fed wheat
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