تاثیر مدیریت آبیاری و آرایش لاترال های آبیاری قطره ای بر عملکرد، بهره‌وری آب و سود خالص در کشت خیار گلخانه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی آب دانشگاه زابل

2 عضو هیئت علمی دانشگاه زابل

چکیده

این پژوهش طی دو فصل زراعی 1391 و 1392 در شهرستان جیرفت، با هدف بررسی تاثیر سطوح مختلف آب آبیاری و نحوه آرایش سیستم آبیاری قطره‌ای نواری روی خیار گلخانه‌ای انجام شد. آزمایش در قالب طرح کرت-های نواری دوبار خرد شده با 16 تیمار و سه تکرار با ترکیب عوامل اصلی و فرعی صورت گرفت. عامل اصلی شامل چهار آستانه پتانسیل 45 (I1)، 55 (I2)، 65 (I3) و 75 (I4) سانتی‌بار جهت شروع آبیاری، عامل فرعی شامل دو سامانه آبیاری به صورت آبیاری قطره‌ای نواری (S1) و قطره‌ای زیرسطحی (S2) و عامل فرعی فرعی شامل دو الگوی کارگذاری لوله آبده به‌صورت یک خط لوله آبده برای هر ردیف کشت (L1) و یک خط لوله آبده برای دو ردیف کشت (L2) بود. علاوه بر تعیین میزان حجم آب کاربردی، عملکرد محصول و بهره‌وری آب، میزان درآمد خالص و نرخ بازده نهایی با لحاظ مجموع هزینه و درآمد در هر تیمار، بر اساس روش بودجه‌بندی محاسبه شد. نتایج نشان داد افزایش آستانه مکش جهت آبیاری باعث کاهش تعداد دفعات آبیاری و حجم آب مصرفی شد. کمینه (36/136) و بیشینه (11/269 تن در هکتار) میزان عملکرد به ترتیب مربوط به تیمارهای I4S1L2 و I1S2L1 بود. با این وجود، تیمار I2S2L1، ضمن کاهش 7/11 درصد در حجم آب مصرفی در مقایسه با تیمار I1S2L1، تنها باعث یک درصد افت محصول شده و بیش‌ترین سود خالص را به همراه داشت. این در حالی است که بالاترین بهره‌وری آب آبیاری در تیمار I4S2L1 مشاهده شد. لذا، با درنظر گرفتن توامان صرفه‌جویی در مصرف آب و حفظ منافع اقتصادی کشاورزان، استفاده از روش اتخاذ شده در تیمار I2S2L1 در کشت خیار گلخانه‌ای در شهرستان جیرفت افزایش کارایی مصرف آب و نرخ بازده نهایی را به همراه خواهد داشت.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Influence of irrigation management and drip irrigation laterals on water use, yield and net benefits in greenhouse cucumber

نویسندگان [English]

  • Rasoul Asadi 1
  • Fatemeh Karandish 2
1
2
چکیده [English]

The present research was carried out within the two growing seasons of 2010 and 2011 in Jiroft City, aimed at investigating the effect of different irrigation water levels as well as the pattern of drip irrigation system on the production of greenhouse cucumber. The research was carried on as a split-split-plot design of 16 treatments and three replications by combining the main vs sub-main factors. The main factor included four potential thresholds  of 45 (I1), 55 (I2), 65 (I2) and 75 (I4) centibars for starting irrigation while the sub-main factors included four system patterns as surface (S1) or subsurface (S2) drip irrigation with either one lateral for each cropping row (L1) or alternate laterals (L2). In addition to determining water use and yield, the net return and final output rate was calculated as based on the partial budgeting method, using all ten determined costs and benefits. Results showed that the increase in the potential threshold for irrigation decreased the number of irrigation events and the volume of water use. The minimum (136.36) and maximum (269.11 Mg ha-1) yields were attributed to I4S1L2 and I1S2L1 treatments. Nevertheless, considering a decrease of 11.7% in the volume of water use as compared with  I1S2L1 treatment, I2S2L1 treatment led to only one percentage reduction in yield bringing about the highest net income. Thus, considering the savings of water  and the economic interest of farmers, applying this method for greenhouse production of cucumber in Jiroft would result in an increase in water use efficiency and as well in the final output rate. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Economic Analysis
  • Drip Irrigation
  • Soil matric potential
  • partial budgeting method
  • Jiroft
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