برخی آثار کمپوست قارچ مصرفی و بیوچار باگاس بر فعالیت فسفاتاز قلیایی و فراهمی فسفر در چند خاک آهکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی کارشناسی‌ارشد گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدة مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدة مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

3 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدة مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

کمبود فسفر یکی از مشکلات اصلی کشاورزی در خاک‌های آهکی است. به منظور بررسی اثر کمپوست قارچ مصرفی (SMC) و بیوچار باگاس نیشکر (B) بر فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز قلیایی و فراهمی فسفر در سه خاک لوم، لوم‌ رسی و لوم شنی مطالعة انکوبه‌کردن انجام‌ گرفت. تیمارها شامل سطوح بیوچار B1 و B2 (15و30 تن در هکتار)، سطوح کمپوست SMC1، SMC2 (20و40 تن در هکتار) و شاهد (C) بود. بعد از اعمال تیمارها در زمان‌های 14 (T1)، 60 (T2) و 120 (T3) روز فسفر قابل‌جذب و pH و در زمان T3 فعالیت فسفاتاز قلیایی اندازه‌گیری شد. نتایج نشان داد SMC در هرسه خاک سبب افزایش فعالیت فسفاتاز در خاک می‌شود، ولی بیوچار در خاک لوم شنی بی‌تأثیر بود. میانگین فعالیت فسفاتاز تیمار شاهد در سه بافت لوم شنی، لوم و لوم رسی به ترتیب 2090، 2931 و 2888 µg PNP.g-1Soil. h-1بود که برای تیمار SMC2 به ترتیب به 3034، 3709 و 3533 µg PNP.g-1Soil. h-1افزایش پیدا کرد. همچنین، هر دو سطح SMC سبب افزایش فراهمی فسفر شد، در حالی که مصرف بیوچار اثر کمتری داشت. SMC2 بهترین اثر را در افزایش فراهمی فسفر داشت، به طوری که میانگین فسفر قابل‌جذب در سه بافت لوم شنی، لوم و لوم رسی به ترتیب از 4/19، 8/8 و 9/3 mg.Kg-1در تیمار شاهد به 37، 28 و 22 mg.Kg-1در تیمار SMC2 افزایش یافت. کمپوست قارچ pH خاک‌ها را کاهش و بیوچار را افزایش داد. نتایج نشان داد که کاربرد SMC در خاک‌های آهکی مورد آزمایش، سبب افزایش فراهمی فسفر و بهبود سایر خصوصیات از جمله pH شده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Some effects of spent mushroom compost and bagasse biochar on alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphorus availability in some calcareous soils

نویسندگان [English]

  • Arzhang Fathi Gerdelidani 1
  • Hossein Mirseyed Hosseini 2
  • Mohsen Farahbakhsh 3
1 MSc Student, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science and Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, University of Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Phosphorus deficiency is a common disorder for agriculture in calcareous soils. To study the effects of spent mushroom compost (SMC) and sugar cane bagasse biochar (B) on alkaline phosphatase activity and phosphorus availability in three soil types (that is) loam, clay loam, and sandy loam, an incubation experiment was conducted. The treatments included levels of biochar B1 and B2 (15 and 30 ton.ha-1), levels of spent mushroom compost SMC1 and SMC2 (20 and 40 ton.ha-1) and the control (C). After applying treatments in 14, 60, and 120 days, T1, T2, and T3 respectively, available phosphorus and pH were measured and alkaline phosphatase activity at T3 period was also measured. The results indicated that in all soil samples SMC increased phosphatase activity, But biochar was ineffective in sandy loam soil. Average phosphatase activity in control treatment was 2090, 2931 and 2888 µg PNP.g-1Soil. h-1 at sandy loam, loam and clay loam, respectively and was increased to 3034, 3709 and 3533 µg PNP.g-1Soil. h-1 in SMC2 treatment, respectively. Both levels of SMC also caused increase in phosphorus availability, while biochar was less effective on that. SMC2 treatment showed the best effectiveness on increasing phosphorus availability. So that available phosphorus average was increased from19.4, 8.8 and 3.9 mg. Kg-1 in control treatments to 37, 28 and 22 mg.Kg-1 in SMC2 treatment for sandy loam, loam and clay loam soils respectively. Application of SMC reduced soils pH while biochar increased that. Results indicated that SMC has a positive effect on phosphorus availability and improves other properties including pH in calcareous soils.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • alkaline phosphatase
  • Biochar
  • mushroom compost
  • phosphorus availability

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