اثر تعداد چرخه های تر و خشک شدن بر پایداری ساختمان، توزیع اندازۀ ذرات و سیستم منافذ خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسنده

استادیار گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکدة کشاورزی، دانشگاه بوعلی‌سینا

چکیده

چرخه‌های تر و خشک‌شدن از فرایندهای مهم محیطی است که معمولاً از سازوکارهای تغییر سیستم منافذ خاک به‌شمار می‌روند. همچنین، رس و مادة آلی از ویژگی‌های ذاتی خاک است که در خصوصیات ساختمان خاک اهمیت دارد. هدف از این پژوهش بررسی رابطة بین تعداد چرخه‌های تر و خشک‌شدن، میزان رس و مواد آلی خاک با پایداری ساختمان، توزیع اندازة ذرات و سیستم منافذ خاک بود. برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی نمونه‌های خاک پس از یک، سه و پنج چرخة تر و خشک‌شدن تعیین شد. سپس، با پایداری خاکدانه‌های خاک اولیه (خاک بدون تر و خشک‌شدن) مقایسه شد. نتایج نشان داد که بهبود و توسعة خاکدانه‌سازی و پایداری ساختمان خاک برای خاک‌های رسی به‌ویژه خاک رسی که مادة آلی بیشتری داشت، بیشتر بود. یک و سه چرخة تر و خشک شدن تنها در دو نمونه خاک رسی سبب افزایش بیشتر خاکدانه‌سازی نسبت به نمونه‌های خاک دارای رس کمتر شد؛ ولی با افزایش تعداد چرخه‌های تر و خشک‌شدن (پنج چرخه)، پایداری خاکدانه‌ها کاهش یافت. یافته‌های این پژوهش نشان داد که تشکیل خاکدانه‌های بزرگ غالباً به ویژگی‌های بافت خاک بستگی دارد تا به میزان مادة آلی خاک؛ و اثر مواد آلی خاک هنگامی که با میزان بالای رس خاک همراه باشد، مؤثر است. همچنین، تراکم ایجادشده در حین نمونه‌برداری طی چرخه‌های تر و خشک‌شدن تعدیل می‌شود و تناوب این چرخه‌ها سازوکار مهمی در بهبود ساختمان خاک است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effects of the Number of Wetting-Drying Cycles on Structure Stability, Particle Size Distribution and Pore System of Soil

نویسنده [English]

  • Azadeh Safadoust
Assistant Professor, Soil Science. College of Agriculture., Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamadan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil wetting and drying cycles are important environmental processes that often act as mechanisms of soil pore system change. Also, clay and organic matter contents are two of the soil intrinsic properties involved in soil structure building properties. The aim followed in this study was to investigate the relationship of a number of wetting and drying cycles, clay content and soil organic matter with the soil structure stability, particle size distribution as well as soil pore system. Some soil physical properties were determined after one (T1), three (T3) and five (T5) wetting and drying cycles and compared with the aggregate stabilities of initial untreated soils (soil undergoing no wetting and drying cycles). The results showed that the improvement in aggregation was most pronounced in the clayey soils especially when containing a high level of organic matter. Following once and thrice wetting and drying cycles, only two clay soil samples more aggregated than soils with less clay content; but further wetting and drying cycles (5 cycles) resulted in a decrease in stability of aggregates. The findings indicated that the macro aggregation depended mostly on soil texture attributes rather than organic matter content; and the former were more effective in aggregating when combined with high amount of clay content. Also it became evident that the compaction caused by sampling could be amended through wetting and drying cycles and the alternation of these cycles is an important mechanism for soil structure improvement.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • aggregation
  • Compaction
  • sampling
  • Intrinsic properties

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