اثر سه سال آتش‌سوزی متوالی بر برخی از ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی یک خاک جنگلی در اطراف دریاچه زریوار مریوان

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی‏ ارشد گروه جنگل‏داری دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج

3 استادیار گروه جنگل‏داری و مرکز پژوهش و توسعة جنگل‏داری زاگرس شمالی، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج

4 دانشیار گروه جنگل‏داری و مرکز پژوهش و توسعة جنگل‏داری زاگرس شمالی، دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج

چکیده

این پژوهش به منظور بررسی اثر سه سال آتش‏سوزی متوالی بر برخی ویژگی‏های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک سطحی (0ـ 5 سانتی‏متر) و خاک زیر‏سطحی (5ـ 10 سانتی‏متر) در جنگل تپه درویش واقع در اطراف دریاچۀ زریوار مریوان انجام شد. تیمار شاهد نیز با شرایط یکسان در کنار منطقة سوخته و بدون اثر آتش‏سوزی انتخاب شد. از منطقة سوخته و شاهد هر یک سه نمونة تصادفی مرکب، از دو عمق یادشده، برداشته شد. نمونه‏ها برای بافت خاک، pH، هدایت الکتریکی (EC)، ظرفیت تبادل کاتیونی (CEC)، کربن آلی کل، نیتروژن کل و نیتروژن نیتراتی (NO3--N) و آمونیومی (NH4+-N)، فسفر، پتاسیم، کلسیم، و منیزیم قابل دسترس و همچنین کربنات کلسیم معادل (TNV) با استفاده از روش‏های استاندارد تجزیه شدند. نتایج نشان داد به طور عموم آتش‏سوزی بر ویژگی‏های بررسی‏شدة خاک سطحی بیشترین اثر و بر خاک زیر‏سطحی اثری میانه دارد. هدایت الکتریکی و TNV با بیشترین میزان در خاک سوخته تغییرات شایان توجه از خود نشان دادند. همچنین، میزان قابل دسترس نیتروژن، پتاسیم، فسفر، کلسیم، و منیزیم پس از آتش‏سوزی افزایش یافت؛ در حالی که CEC در خاک سوخته‏شده در مقایسه با خاک شاهد بدون تغییر باقی ماند. میزان pH و مقدار کربن و نیتروژن کل خاک نیز افزایش اندکی در خاک سوخته‏شده از خود نشان دادند. همچنین بافت خاک با نشان دادن میزان کمتر رس در خاک سوخته‏شده سبک شد. در مجموع، نتیجه گرفته شد که آتش‏سوزی بر ویژگی‏های فیزیکی و شیمیایی خاک اثر چشمگیری دارد و سبب کاهش کیفیت خاک اراضی جنگلی می‏شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Three Successive Years of Fire on Some Physicochemical Properties of a Forest Soil around Zarivar Lake in Marivan

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zahed Sharifi 1
  • Chiako Nazari 2
  • Kyumars Mohammadi Samani 3
  • Naghi Shabanian 4
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
2 Graduate Student, Forestry, Department of Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Forestry and Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan
4 Associate Professor, Department of Forestry and Center for Research and Development of Northern Zagros Forestry, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Kurdistan
چکیده [English]

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of three successive years of fire burning on some physicochemical properties of surface (0-5 cm) and subsurface soil (5-10 cm) in Tappeh Darvish forest located in the surroundings of Zarivar Lake, Marivan. A control with similar conditions, but not affected by fire was selected in the vicinity of the fire burned area. Three composite soil samples were taken from the mentioned depths in the burned site and from control site. The samples were analyzed for texture, EC, pH, T.O.C, T.N, Nava. (NO3- and NH4+), Pava., Kava., Ca ava., Mg ava., Cation Exchangeable Capacity (CEC) and Total Neutralizing Value (TNV) contents using standard methods. The results showed that, in general, changes in the soil properties following fire were greatest at the subsurface soil and more modest at the subsurface soils. Soil TNV and EC content changed notably, following fire, with higher values in burned soils. Nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, calcium and magnesium became more available following fire, while CEC levels were found to be unchanged in the burned soil in comparison with the unburned soil. Soil pH, total C and N content slightly increased in the burned soil. Furthermore, the soil texture became lighter following fire with a lower content of clay in the burned soils. In total, it was concluded that fire significantly affects soil physicochemical properties and reduces the quality of soil as in forestlands.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Forest soil
  • Marivan
  • Soil physicochemical properties
  • Successive fire

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