تاثیر تنش آبی و شوری بر تبخیر- تعرق و رشد نهال‌های خرمای برحی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری دانشکدة مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

2 استاد گروه آبیاری و زهکشی دانشکدة مهندسی علوم آب دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز

3 دانشیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش، و ترویج کشاورزی گرگان

چکیده

مصرف صحیح آب در بخش کشاورزی و استفادة مناسب از آب‌های شور دسترسی بهتر به منابع آب را برای آبیاری محصولات کشاورزی فراهم می‌کند. به منظور بررسی آثار تنش آبی و شوری بر تبخیر‌ـ تعرق و رشد نهال‌های خرمای رقم برحی، آزمایشی به روش فاکتوریل در قالب طرح آماری کاملاً تصادفی با دو عامل میزان آب آبیاری و شوری آب آبیاری در سه تکرار انجام شد. میزان آب آبیاری در سه سطح 100 و 85 و 70 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه و شوری آب آبیاری در سه سطح 5/2 و 8 و 12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر بود. نتایج نشان داد تیمارهای میزان آب آبیاری، شوری آب آبیاری، و اثر متقابل میزان آبیاری و شوری آب تأثیری معنا‌دار بر شوری خاک و میزان تبخیر‌ـ تعرق گیاه دارد. بیشترین و کمترین میزان تبخیر‌ـ تعرق، به ترتیب، با 9/1488 و 861 میلی‌متر به تیمار آبیاری به میزان 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه با آب دارای هدایت الکتریکی 5/2 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر و تیمار آبیاری به میزان 70 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه با آب دارای هدایت الکتریکی 12 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر تعلق داشت. شوری آب آبیاری نسبت به میزان آب آبیاری اثر بیشتری بر کاهش تبخیر‌ـ تعرق نهال‌های خرما داشت. همچنین تأثیر میزان آب آبیاری، شوری آب آبیاری، و اثر متقابل میزان آبیاری و شوری آب بر همة صفات رویشی معنادار شد. آبیاری با آب دارای هدایت الکتریکی 5/2 دسی‌زیمنس بر متر به میزان 100 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه موجب بیشترین رشد رویشی گیاه شد. اما در صفات رویشی اختلاف معنا‌داری با آبیاری به میزان 85 درصد نیاز آبی گیاه نداشت. بنابراین، میزان آب آبیاری در نهال‌های خرمای رقم برحی می‌تواند کاهش یابد؛ اما باید از تنش شوری به گیاه اجتناب شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Water and Salinity Stress on Evapotranspiration and Growth of Barhee Juvenile Date Palms

نویسندگان [English]

  • Majid Alihouri 1
  • Abd Ali Naseri 2
  • Saeed Boroomandnasab 2
  • Alireza Kiani 3
1 PhD Candidate, Water Sciences Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
2 Professor, Irrigation and Drainage Department, Water Sciences Engineering Faculty, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Iran
3 Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering Research Department, Golestan Agriculture and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

Irrigation water availability could be enhanced through suitable use of water in agriculture as by use of saline, and reuse of drainage waters. This factorial experiment was carried out as based upon a randomized complete design of three replications for an investigation of water and salinity stress effects on Barhee juvenile date palm evapotranspiration and growth. The treatments were three irrigation depths of 100%, 85% and 70% water requirement and three irrigation water salinities of 2.5, 8 and 12 dS/m. The results revealed that irrigation depth, water salinity and interaction of irrigation depth and water salinity had significantly affected soil salinity and plant evapotranspiration. The maximum and minimum plant evapotranspiration rates were recorded 1488.9 and 861 mm in water salinity state of 2.5 dS/m with an irrigation depth of 100% vs water salinity of 12 dS/m with irrigation depth of 70% water requirement, respectively. The salinity stress decreased juvenile date palms, evapotranspiration more than water stress did. The irrigation depth, irrigation water salinity and interaction of irrigation depth and irrigation water salinity significantly affected all the plant's vegetative characters. The highest plant vegetative growth obtained from water salinity of 2.5 dS/m and irrigation depth of 100%, but not significantly different from the case of irrigation depth of 85% with respect to vegetative characters. Therefore, irrigation depth of Barhee juvenile date palms can be reduced, but care must be taken to avoid plant's salinity stress.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Irrigation
  • Drain water
  • lysimeter
  • vegetative growth

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