تغییر‌ات تولید رواناب در هنگام بارندگی در اثر کاربرد پودری و محلول سطوح مختلف پلی‌آکریل‌آمید

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشکدة منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

3 دانشیار گروه خاک‌شناسی دانشکدة کشاورزی دانشگاه تربیت مدرس

چکیده

تحلیل تغییرات زمانی تولید رواناب در شرایط معمولی یا کاربرد افزودنی‌های خاک از موضوعات مهم مدیریت منابع آب و خاک است. حال‌ آنکه، به مقایسة تغییر‌پذیری تولید رواناب از شکل مصرف افزودنی‌ها کمتر توجه شده است. پژوهش حاضر به‌ منظور بررسی تغییرات زمانی تولید رواناب، از جمله مقدار رواناب در طول بارندگی در یک خاک‌‌ لومی‌رسی، صورت گرفت. در همین‌ زمینه، تأثیر سطوح مختلف پلی‌آکریل‌آمید با مقادیر 4/0، 2، و 6 گرم بر متر ‌مربع از کاربرد نوع پودری و محلول در شرایط آزمایشگاهی بر تولید رواناب روی کرت‌های‌ کوچک 25/0 متر مربعی انجام شد. شبیه‌سازی باران نیز با دو شدت 50 و 80 میلی‌متر بر ساعت به ‌ترتیب با تداوم 17 و 8 دقیقه متناسب با شرایط حاکم بر منطقه، بعد از گذشت چهل و هشت ساعت از زمان استفاده از پلی‌آکریل‌آمید، انجام پذیرفت. نتایج آزمون مدل خطی عمومی بر اثر غیر ‌معنا‌دار تیمار 4/0 گرم بر متر‌ مربع مصرف پودری و محلول پلی‌آکریل‌آمید و اثر معنا‌دار (00/0p<) شدت بارندگی بر تولید رواناب دلالت داشت. حال‌ آنکه اثر معنا‌دار نوع مصرف پلی‌آکریل‌آمید در سطح 2 و 6 گرم بر متر‌ مربع (04/0p<) و نیز شدت بارندگی (00/0p=) بر میزان رواناب تأیید شد. همچنین اثر متقابل شکل مصرف و شدت بارندگی بر مقدار رواناب در تیمار 4/0 گرم بر متر‌ مربع غیر‌ ‌معنادار (2/0p>) و در تیمارهای 2 و 6 گرم بر متر‌مربع معنادار (04/0p<) ارزیابی شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Variations of Runoff Generation during Rainfall Event when Different Levels of Polyacrylamide in Its Powder vs Liquid form Applied

نویسندگان [English]

  • Zeinab Karimi 1
  • Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi 2
  • Hossein Ali Bahrami 3
1 Graduate students, of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modarres University
2 Professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modarres University corresponding author
3 Accociate Professor, Department of Agriculture Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modarres University, Tehran
چکیده [English]

A study of the temporal variations in runoff generation is one of the important in water and soil conservation when either under natural conditions or accompanied by application of soil amendments. However, runoff generation variations along with application different types of soil amendments has less been considered. Therefore, the current study was planned to investigate such states of runoff generations' temporal variations as observed on a clay-loamy soil. To follow the purpose, the effects of different levels of Polyacrylamide  (0.4, 2, and 6 g m-2) on runoff generation in the presence of flour vs liquid types were carried out on 0.25 m2-small plots and as well in lab conditions. Rainfall simulation was performed with two intensities of 50 and 80 mm h-1 for 17 and 8 minutes, respectively, compatible with the dominant conditions of the area, and after 48 hours past from  Polyacrylamide application. Results obtained from general linear model verified non-significant effect (P<0.2) of 0.4 g m-2 treatment (use of flour vs liquid form Polyacrylamide) and the significant effect (p=0.00) of rainfall intensity on runoff generation. In addition, significant effect of Polyacrylamide type at 2 and 6 g m-2 levels (P<0.04) and also rainfall intensity (p=0.00) on runoff generation was verified. Also, the cross effect of amendment type and rainfall intensity on runoff intensity in the case of 0.4 g m-2 treatment was evaluated as insignificant (p>0.2), whereas it was found significant for the  2 and 6 g m-2 treatments (p<0.04).

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rainfall simulation
  • Runoff control
  • Soil amendments
  • soil conservation
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