تأثیرپذیری مؤلفه‌های رواناب و رسوب کرت‌های آزمایشی کوچک از کاربرد پسماند آلی ویناس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس نور مازندران

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس نور مازندران

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس نور مازندران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان تأثیر کاربرد دو مقدار 5/4 و 8 لیتر بر متر مربع پسماند آلی و سازگار با محیط زیست ویناس بر زمان شروع، ضریب و حجم رواناب، هدررفت خاک، و غلظت رسوب در کرت‌های آزمایشی کوچک با شیب 20 درصد با استفاده از شبیه‌ساز باران با دو شدت 50 و 90 میلی‌متر بر ساعت و با تداوم 15 دقیقه روی خاک لومی-رسی-شنی انجام شد. نتایج نشان‌دهندة اثر معنا‌دار تیمار ویناس بر زمان شروع رواناب و غلظت رسوب (04/0>P)، حجم و ضریب رواناب، و هدررفت خاک (00/0P=) بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد کاربرد سطح پایین ویناس به‌ترتیب باعث افزایش 151 و 154 درصد رواناب و هدررفت خاک در شدت 50 میلی‌متر بر ساعت و نیز موجب افزایش 64 و 200 درصد متغیرهای بررسی‌شده در شدت 90 میلی‌متر بر ساعت در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد است. سطح بالای ویناس، رواناب و هدررفت خاک را به‌ترتیب 79 و 30 درصد در شدت 50 میلی‌متر بر ساعت و نیز 60 و 58 درصد در شدت 90 میلی‌متر بر ساعت افزایش داد. با وجود این، تیمار 5/4 لیتر بر متر مربع ویناس در هر دو شدت و تیمار 8 لیتر بر متر مربع ویناس در شدت 90 میلی‏متر بر ساعت مقدار غلظت رسوب را افزایش و در شدت 50 میلی‌متر بر ساعت تیمار 8 لیتر بر متر مربع ویناس میزان غلظت رسوب را نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش داد. این در حالی است که میزان اثربخشی تیمار 8 لیتر بر متر مربع در کاهش رواناب و هدررفت خاک و غلظت رسوب بیش از تیمار 5/4 لیتر بر متر مربع بود. نتایج نشان داد افزودن پسماند آلی همیشه موجب جلوگیری از هدررفت خاک و بهبود ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک نخواهد شد. بنابراین استفاده از سطح بالاتر ویناس و افزایش ماندگاری آن قبل از وقوع بارش توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Small Plot Soil Hydrologic Components as Affected by Application of Vinasse Organic Residue

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Sharifi Moghaddam 1
  • Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi 2
  • Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan 3
1 Former M.Sc Student of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran,
2 Professor (Corresponding Author), Department of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran
3 Assistant professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran
چکیده [English]

The present research was planned to assess the effect of application of two doses of 4.5 and 8 l m-2 of environmentally friendly industrial organic waste of Vinasse on runoff commencement time, runoff coefficient and volume, soil loss and sediment concentration within small experimental plots of 20% slope under rainfall simulation with intensities of 50 and 90 mm h-1 and 15 min duration on a sandy clay loam soil. The results indicated significant effects of the treatment on runoff commencement time and sediment concentration (P<0.04), runoff coefficient, runoff volume as well as soil loss (P= 0.00). Also the results revealed that the lower doses of vinasse application resulted in increasing runoff and soil loss for about 151 and 154% at 50 mmh-1 and increasing the expressed variables for respectively about 64 and 200 % at 90 mmh-1 in comparison with those recorded for control. The application of higher doses of vinasse increased runoff and soil loss rates for the respective 79 and 30% at 50 mmh-1, and increased runoff and soil loss rates for 60 and 58% at 90 mmh-1, respectively. In addition, the application of Vinasse increased runoff volume and soil loss in either one of the rainfall intensities. In this situation, 4.5 l m-2 of vinasse in either of the rainfall intensities and 8 l m-2 of vinasse in intensity of rainfall 90 mm h-1 increased sediment concentration, but 8 l m-2 of vinasse in the intensity of 50 mm h-1 of rainfall reduced it, the effects of 8 l m-2 treatment to reduce runoff, soil loss and sediment concentration were found out as more than those obtained for 4.5 l m-2 treatment. These results show that the application of vinasse amendment does not always prevent soil loss; neither does it improve soil physical properties. Higher rates of application of vinasse, together with extending the persistency period before rainfall, are therefore suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rainfall simulation
  • soil conservation
  • Soil erosion
  • Sediment yield

مراجع

Agassi, M. (1996). Soil Erosion, Conservation, and Rehabilitation. Ed. Marcel Dekker, New York.
Agassi, M. and Bradford, J. M. (1999). Methodologies for Interrill Soil Erosion Studies. Soil and Tillage Research, 49(4), 277-287.
Arnaez, J., Lasanta, T., Ruiz-Flano, P., and Ortigosa, L. (2007). Factors Affecting Runoff and Erosion under Simulated Rainfall in Mediterranean Vineyards. Soil & Tillage Research, 93(2), 324-334.
Assouline, S. and Ben-Hur, M. (2006). Effect of Rainfall Intensity and Slope Gradient on the Dynamics of Interrill Erosion During Soil Surface Sealing. Catena, 66(3), 211-220.
Baratshooshtari, M., Ahmadian, S., and Asfiaa, Gh. (2008). Sugarcane in Iran, Aizh press, pp. 336. (In Farsi)
Bihamta, M. R. and Zare Chahouki, M. A. (2010). Principles of statistics for the natural resources science. University of Tehran press. Tehran, Iran. 300p. (In Farsi)
Blanco, H. and Lal, R. (2013). Principles of soil conservation and management, Translated by Salajagheh, A. Seyedalipour, M.H. and Hosseinalizadeh, M. University of Tehran press, pp. 643. (In Farsi)
Chenu, C., Le Biossonnais, Y., and Arrouays, D. (2000). Organic Matter Influence on Clay Wettability and Soil Aggregate Stability. Soil Science Society of America Journal , 64(4), 1479-1486.
Elhamifard, M. and Jafari, S. (2007). Effect of vinasse as a source of potassium fertilizer on soil chemical properties and yield of sugarcane. In: Proceedings of 10th Iranian of Soil Science Congress, 26-28 Aug., College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Tehran University, Karaj, Iran, pp. 807-808. (In Farsi)
Ellison, W. D. (1952). Raindrop Energy and Soil Erosion. The Empire Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 20, 81-97.
Flanagan, D. C., Chaudhari, K. L., and Norton, D. (2002). Polyacrylamide Soil Amendment Effects on Runoff and Sediment Yield on Steep Slopes: Part II. Naturall Rainfall Conditions. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 45(5), 1-13.
Fox, D.M. and Bryan, R.B. (1999). The Relationship of Soil Loss by Interrill Erosion to Slope Gradient, Catena, 38(3), 211-222.
Gunkel, G., Kosmol, J., Sobral, M., Rohn, H., Montenegro, S., and Aureliano, J. (2007). Sugar Cane Industry as a Source of Water Pollution Case Study on the Situation in Ipojuca River, Pernambuco, Brazil. Journal of Water, Air and Soil Pollution, 180(1-4), 261–269.
شریفی مقدم و همکاران: تاثیرپذیری مؤلفه های رواناب و رسوب کرت های... 50
Hawke, R. M., Price, A. G., and Bryan, R. B. (2006). The Effect of Initial Soil Water Content and Rainfall Intensity on Near-Surface Soil Hydrologic Conductivity: A Laboratory Investigation. Catena, 65(3), 237-246.
Hillel, D. (2010). Environmental Soil Physics. Translated by Ghahraman, B. Ferdowsi University Of Mashhad, pp. 987. (In Farsi)
Jafari, S., Naseri, A. A., Nadian, H., and Elhamifard, M. (2003). Effect of increase of vinasse along with irrigation water on chemical properties of soil. In: Proceedings of 8th Iranian of Soil Science Congress, 27-30 Sept., University of Guilan, Guilan, Iran, pp. 701-705. (In Farsi)
Karimi, F. and Bahmanyar, M. A. (2013). The residual effects of applying compost on the amount of lead and cadmium (total and available) in soil and rice plant. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production,3(1), 199-213. (In Farsi)
Khaledi Darvishan, A., Sadeghi, S. H. R., Homaee, M., and Arabkhedri, M. (2013). Measuring Sheet Erosion Using Synthetic Color-Contrast Aggregates. Hydrological Processes, 27(16), 2225-2382.
Kukal, S. S. and Sarkar, M. (2010). Splash Erosion and Infiltration in Relation to Mulching and Polyvinyl Alcohol Applicaton in Semi-Arid Tropics. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 56(6), 697-705.
Kukal, S. S. and Sarkar, M. (2011). Laboratory Simulation Studies on Splash Erosion and Crusting in Relation to Surface Roughness and Raindrop Size. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 59(1), 87-93.
Madejón, E., López, R., Murillo, J. M., and Cabrera F. (2001). Agricultural Use of Three (Sugar-Beet) Vinasse Composts: Effect on Crops and Chemical Properties of a Cambisol Soil in the Guadalquivir River Valley (SW Spain). Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment, 84 (1), 55–65.
Mahmoodabadi, M., Rashidi, O. L., and Fekri, M. (2013). Application of alfalfa residue, poultry manure and potassium fertilizer on some soil properties and onion yield . Journal of water and soil,27(2), 452-461. (In Farsi)
Martinelli, L. A. (2003). Acid Rain and Nitrogen Deposition in a Sub-Tropical Watershed (Piracicaba): Ecosystems Consequences. Journal of Environmental Pollution, 121(3), 389– 399.
Nazmi, L., Shabanpur, M., and Hashemimajd, K. (2011). Effect of type and amount of organic wastes compost on physical properties of two types of soil. Iranian Journal ofSoil Research,25(2), 93-102. (In Farsi)
Orsham, A., Akhund Ali, A. M., and Behnia, A. (2010). Effect of soil antecedent moisture contents on runoff and sedimentation values with simulated rainfall method. Iranian journal of Range and Desert Reseach, 16(4), 445-455. (In Farsi)
Pimentel, D. and Harvey, C. (1999). Ecological Effects of Erosion. in: Walker ,L.R(ed). Ecosystems ofDisturbed Ground, 123-135.
Razali, N. M. and Wah, Y. B. (2011). Power Comparisons of Shapiro-Wilk, Kolmogrov-Smirnov, Lillifores and Anderson-Darling Tests. Jornal of Statistical Modeling and Analytics, 2(1), 21-33.
Romanholo Ferreira, L. F., Aguiar, M. M., Messias, T. G., Pompeu, G. B., Queijeiro Lopez, A. M. Silva, D. P., and Monteiro, R. T. (2011). Evaluation of Sugar-Cane Vinasse Treated with Pleurotus Sajor-Caju Utilizing Aquatic Organisms as Toxicological Indicators. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 74(1), 132-137.
Saadat, K., Barani Motlagh, M., Dordipour, E., and Ghasemnezhad, A. (2012). Influence of sewage sludge on some soil properties, yield and concentration of lead and cadmium in roots and shoots of Maize. Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 2(2), 27-48. (In Farsi)
Sadeghi, S. H. R. (2010). Study and measurement of water erosion, Tarbiat Modares University press, pp. 200. (In Farsi)
Sadeghi, S. H. R. and Saeidi, P. (2010). Reliability of Sediment Rating Curves for a Deciduous Forest Watershed in Iran. Hydrological Sciences Journal, 55 (5), 821–831.
Sadeghi, S. H. R., Mohammadpour, K., and Dianati Tilaki, Q. A. (2010). Temporal variability of runoff coefficient in kojour summer rangelands. In: Abstracts Proceedings of 6th National Seminar on Watershed Management and 4th National Seminar on Soil Erosion and Sediment, 28–29April, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran, pp. 52. (In Farsi)
Shahbazi, A., Sarmadian, F., Refahi, H. Q., and Gorji, M. (2005). Effect of polyacrylamide on erosion and runoff of salt-sodium soils. Iranian Journal of Soil and Waters Sciences, 36(5),1103-1112. (In Farsi)
Shekofteh, H., Rafahi, H., and Gorji, M. (2005). A study of the effects of polyacrylamide on soil erosion and runoff. Iranian journal of agricultural sciences, 36(1), 177-186. (In Farsi)
Taleb Beidokhti, N., Shahoii, S. S., Behnia, A., Behbodi, F., Sadeghi, S. H. R., Malek, A., and Sharifi, F. (2003). Erosion And Sediment Glossary, Erosion and Sediment Committee press, 386. (In Farsi)
Tejada, M. and Gonzalez, J. L. (2003). Effects of the Application of a Compost Originating from Crushed Cotton Gin Residues on Wheat Yield under Dryland Conditions. European Journal Of Agronomy, 19(2), 357–368.
Tejada, M. and Gonzalez, J. L. (2005). Beet Vinasse Applied to Wheat Under Dryland Conditions Affects Soil Properties and Yield. European
508 تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران، دورة 45 ، شمارة 4، زمستان 1393
Journal of Agronomy, 23(4), 336-347.
Tejada, M. and Gonzalez, J. L. (2006). Effects of Two Beet Vinasse Forms on Soil Physical Properties and Soil Loss. Catena, 68(1), 41-50.
Tejada, M., Gomez, I., Hernandez, T., and Garcia, C. (2010). Utilization of Vermicomposts in Soil Restoration: Effects on Soil Biological Properties. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 74(2), 525–532.
Tejada, M., Gonzalez, J. L., and Parrado, J. (2009). Effects Of a Vermicompost Composted with Beet Vinasse on Soil Properties, Soil Losses and Soil Restoration. Catena, 77(3), 238-247.
Tejada, M., Moreno, J. L., Hernández, M. T., and García, C. (2007). Application of Two Beet Vinasse Forms on Soil Restoration: Effects on Soil Properties in an Arid Environment In Southern Spain. Agriculture, Ecosystems And Environment, 119, 289-298.
UNESCO (2009). Integrated Water Resources Management Guidelines at River Basin Level. Part 1, 24p.
Wang, P. K. and Pruppacher, H. R. (1977). Acceleration to Terminal Velocity of Cloud and Raindrops. Journal of Applied Meteorology, 16(3), 275-280.

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار