تأثیرپذیری مؤلفه‌های رواناب و رسوب کرت‌های آزمایشی کوچک از کاربرد پسماند آلی ویناس

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس نور مازندران

2 استاد گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس نور مازندران

3 استادیار گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری دانشگاه تربیت مدرس نور مازندران

چکیده

پژوهش حاضر با هدف بررسی میزان تأثیر کاربرد دو مقدار 5/4 و 8 لیتر بر متر مربع پسماند آلی و سازگار با محیط زیست ویناس بر زمان شروع، ضریب و حجم رواناب، هدررفت خاک، و غلظت رسوب در کرت‌های آزمایشی کوچک با شیب 20 درصد با استفاده از شبیه‌ساز باران با دو شدت 50 و 90 میلی‌متر بر ساعت و با تداوم 15 دقیقه روی خاک لومی-رسی-شنی انجام شد. نتایج نشان‌دهندة اثر معنا‌دار تیمار ویناس بر زمان شروع رواناب و غلظت رسوب (04/0>P)، حجم و ضریب رواناب، و هدررفت خاک (00/0P=) بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد کاربرد سطح پایین ویناس به‌ترتیب باعث افزایش 151 و 154 درصد رواناب و هدررفت خاک در شدت 50 میلی‌متر بر ساعت و نیز موجب افزایش 64 و 200 درصد متغیرهای بررسی‌شده در شدت 90 میلی‌متر بر ساعت در مقایسه با تیمار شاهد است. سطح بالای ویناس، رواناب و هدررفت خاک را به‌ترتیب 79 و 30 درصد در شدت 50 میلی‌متر بر ساعت و نیز 60 و 58 درصد در شدت 90 میلی‌متر بر ساعت افزایش داد. با وجود این، تیمار 5/4 لیتر بر متر مربع ویناس در هر دو شدت و تیمار 8 لیتر بر متر مربع ویناس در شدت 90 میلی‏متر بر ساعت مقدار غلظت رسوب را افزایش و در شدت 50 میلی‌متر بر ساعت تیمار 8 لیتر بر متر مربع ویناس میزان غلظت رسوب را نسبت به تیمار شاهد کاهش داد. این در حالی است که میزان اثربخشی تیمار 8 لیتر بر متر مربع در کاهش رواناب و هدررفت خاک و غلظت رسوب بیش از تیمار 5/4 لیتر بر متر مربع بود. نتایج نشان داد افزودن پسماند آلی همیشه موجب جلوگیری از هدررفت خاک و بهبود ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک نخواهد شد. بنابراین استفاده از سطح بالاتر ویناس و افزایش ماندگاری آن قبل از وقوع بارش توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Small Plot Soil Hydrologic Components as Affected by Application of Vinasse Organic Residue

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ehsan Sharifi Moghaddam 1
  • Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi 2
  • Abdulvahed Khaledi Darvishan 3
1 Former M.Sc Student of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran, Iran,
2 Professor (Corresponding Author), Department of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran
3 Assistant professor, Department of Watershed Management Engineering, College of Natural resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Mazandaran
چکیده [English]

The present research was planned to assess the effect of application of two doses of 4.5 and 8 l m-2 of environmentally friendly industrial organic waste of Vinasse on runoff commencement time, runoff coefficient and volume, soil loss and sediment concentration within small experimental plots of 20% slope under rainfall simulation with intensities of 50 and 90 mm h-1 and 15 min duration on a sandy clay loam soil. The results indicated significant effects of the treatment on runoff commencement time and sediment concentration (P<0.04), runoff coefficient, runoff volume as well as soil loss (P= 0.00). Also the results revealed that the lower doses of vinasse application resulted in increasing runoff and soil loss for about 151 and 154% at 50 mmh-1 and increasing the expressed variables for respectively about 64 and 200 % at 90 mmh-1 in comparison with those recorded for control. The application of higher doses of vinasse increased runoff and soil loss rates for the respective 79 and 30% at 50 mmh-1, and increased runoff and soil loss rates for 60 and 58% at 90 mmh-1, respectively. In addition, the application of Vinasse increased runoff volume and soil loss in either one of the rainfall intensities. In this situation, 4.5 l m-2 of vinasse in either of the rainfall intensities and 8 l m-2 of vinasse in intensity of rainfall 90 mm h-1 increased sediment concentration, but 8 l m-2 of vinasse in the intensity of 50 mm h-1 of rainfall reduced it, the effects of 8 l m-2 treatment to reduce runoff, soil loss and sediment concentration were found out as more than those obtained for 4.5 l m-2 treatment. These results show that the application of vinasse amendment does not always prevent soil loss; neither does it improve soil physical properties. Higher rates of application of vinasse, together with extending the persistency period before rainfall, are therefore suggested.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rainfall simulation
  • soil conservation
  • Soil erosion
  • Sediment yield
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