پایداری خاکدانه‌ها و توزیع کربن آلی در دو کاربری مرتع و باغ زیتون: مطالعه موردی، رستم‌آباد، ایران

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان،رشت، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه خاکشناسى، دانشکده کشاورزى، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

3 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه گیلان، رشت، ایران

چکیده

پایداری خاکدانه یکی از شاخص‌های کلیدی در ارزیابی وضعیت ساختمان خاک به‌شمار می‌رود و به طور قابل توجه تحت تأثیر نوع کاربری اراضی، پوشش گیاهی و سایر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی و محیطی خاک قرار می‌گیرد. این مطالعه به بررسی شاخص‌های پایداری خاکدانه‌ و کربن آلی مرتبط با خاکدانه در خاک سطحی و همچنین میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه در خاک زیرسطحی در سه موقعیت شیب پرداخته است. نمونه‌برداری از خاک در دو کاربری شامل باغ زیتون (شامل نیم‌سایه انداز و فاصله بین درختان) و مرتع طبیعی مجاور آن از دو عمق صفر تا 10 و 30 تا 40 سانتی‌متر انجام شد. نتایج تحلیل واریانس نشان داد که تغییر کاربری اراضی و موقعیت شیب، تأثیر معناداری بر میانگین وزنی و هندسی قطر خاکدانه‌ها و همچنین بعد فرکتال آن‌ها در خاک سطحی دارد. در نقاط نمونه‌برداری مرتبط با نیم‎سایه انداز درخت زیتون، بیشترین افزایش در میانگین وزنی و هندسی قطر خاکدانه‌ها مشاهده شد. همچنین، بعد فرکتال خاکدانه‌ها در نیم‌سایه انداز درخت زیتون کاهش معناداری را نشان داد. در مقابل در نقاط مختلف مرتع و فاصله بین درختان، میانگین وزنی و هندسی قطر خاکدانه با کاهش مواجه شد و در پی آن بعد فرکتال افزایش یافت. علاوه بر این نتایج بررسی وضعیت کربن آلی خاک سطحی در خاکدانه‌ها نشان داد که نسبت خاکدانه‌های بزرگ در خاک مسئول تثبیت و حفاظت از کربن آلی در هر سه محل مورد بررسی را دارد. همچنین نتایج این موضوع را تایید کرد که با افزایش عمق خاک پایداری خاکدانه‌ها کاهش می‌یابد که این کاهش در قسمت مرتع محسوس‌تر بود.  

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Aggregate stability and organic carbon distribution in two land uses of pasture and olive orchard: a case study, Rostamabad, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abbas Shabani rofchaee 1
  • Mahmoud Shabanpour 2
  • Sepideh َAbrishamkesh 3
1 Department of Soil Science, faculty of agriculture, University of guilan, Rasht, Iran
2 Department of Soil Science, faculty of agriculture, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
3 Department of Soil Science, faculty of agriculture, University of guilan, Rasht, Iran
چکیده [English]

Aggregate stability is considered one of the key indicators in evaluating soil structure and is significantly influenced by land use, vegetation cover, and other physical and environmental characteristics of the soil. This study examines aggregate stability indices and aggregate-associated organic carbon in surface soil, as well as the mean weight diameter of aggregates in subsurface soil, across three slope positions. Soil sampling was conducted under two land uses including an olive orchard (with under-canopy and inter-row positions) and the adjacent natural pasture at two depths: 0–10 cm and 30–40 cm. The results of the analysis of variance showed that both land use change and slope position had significant effects on the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter, and fractal dimension of aggregates in surface soil. The highest increase in mean weight and geometric mean diameter of aggregates was observed in the under-canopy position of the olive orchard. Additionally, a significant decrease in the fractal dimension of aggregates was found under the olive canopy. In contrast, lower values of mean weight and geometric mean diameter and an increase in fractal dimension were observed in various positions within the pasture and the inter-row spaces. Furthermore, the results regarding the organic carbon associated with surface soil aggregates indicated that larger aggregates are responsible for the stabilization and protection of organic carbon in all three studied sites. The results also confirmed that aggregate stability decreases with increasing soil depth, and this decline was more pronounced in the rangeland area.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • : land use change
  • olive orchard
  • physical properties
  • soil organic matter

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

 

Introduction

The stability of soil aggregates is a key indicator for evaluating soil structure conditions and quality. This indicator is highly influenced by land use type, vegetation cover, soil characteristics, and environmental factors. Land use changes can have significant impacts on the physicochemical properties of soil, including permeability, bulk density, organic matter   content, porosity, and aggregate stability. These changes directly affect the soil’s ability to maintain health and productivity, playing a fundamental role in the sustainable management of soil resources.

Materials and Methods

The present study investigates the effect of land-use change (natural pasture to olive orchard) and slope position (lower, middle, and upper) on soil aggregate stability indices (mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of aggregates and fractal dimension) and aggregate-associated organic carbon. Soil sampling was carried out at two soil depths (0-10 cm and 30-40 cm) in three semi-shade sections (under olive trees), the distance between trees, and natural pasture. Analysis of variance and mean comparison tests using SAS statistical software were used for data analysis. In addition, bulk density, organic matter, electrical conductivity, and soil texture were also measured.

Results and Discussion

The results showed that land-use change and slope position had a significant effect on soil aggregate stability characteristics. The mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of aggregates were highest in the semi-shade section under olive trees, while lower values were observed in the natural pasture and the distance between the trees. One of the factors contributing to the higher aggregate stability in the semi-shade section under olive trees could be the increased organic matter inputs from olive trees. Furthermore, the fractal dimension of soil aggregates was lowest in the semi-shade section under olive trees and highest in the inter-tree-spaces and the natural pasture. At the upper slope position, a significant reduction in the mean weight diameter and geometric mean diameter of aggregates was observed. The results also indicated that surface soil organic carbon is predominantly stabilized and protected by larger aggregates. Finally, the findings revealed that aggregate stability decreased with increasing soil depth, with this trend being more evident in the natural pasture.

Conclusions

The present study confirmed that land-use change from natural pasture to olive orchard, along with different slope positions, has a significant impact on soil stability and quality, particularly on soil aggregate stability and aggregate-associated organic carbon storage. These findings highlight the importance of sustainable land-use management in preventing soil structure degradation and improving soil quality. Specifically, the use of olive trees in this study demonstrated that the semi-shade section under the trees can enhance soil stability and aggregate organic matter storage. It is recommended that land-use changes be carefully studied in soil resource management to minimize soil degradation and ensure the optimal use of soil resources.

Author Contributions

All authors actively participated in the preparation process of this article. The roles of the authors included conceptualization of the research topic, drafting the initial manuscript, and revising and improving subsequent versions. All stages of writing were carried out with close collaboration and thorough reviews to ensure the highest scientific quality of the article.

Data Availability Statement

All reported data in the article have been fully and accurately included in the manuscript, and there is no need for additional information. The data have been organized in a way that provides comprehensive support for the analyses, results, and discussions presented.

Acknowledgements

The authors of this article sincerely thank the Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Guilan, for providing laboratory facilities and supporting fieldwork. The authors would also like to express their special appreciation to the esteemed reviewers who played a significant role in improving the content of the manuscript through their valuable comments and suggestions.

 

Ethical considerations

The authors have avoided any form of data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, or unethical behavior.

Conflict of interest

The author declares no conflict of interest. 

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 56، شماره 6
شهریور 1404
صفحه 1663-1683

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