نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 گروه خاکشناسی، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
2 گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
3 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران.
چکیده
کلیدواژهها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
In sustainable agriculture, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve plant growth and plant mineral nutrition (especially phosphorus) has a special place. A factorial pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. Treatments included phosphorus fertilizer (control (zero), 100 and 200 kg ha-1 triple superphosphate) and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi (without inoculation and inoculation with F. mosseae strain A1 and F. mosseae strain A2). After 3 months, the plants were harvested and the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in the soil, soil Olsen phosphorus, concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen, magnesium, and potassium in the plant were measured. The results showed that applying phosphorus fertilizer and using mycorrhizal fungi increased the dry weight of the plant and the concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium in the shoot. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increased root colonization and also increased the activity of acid phosphatase enzymes (25.2 and 37.07 percent, respectively, for strains A1and A2 compared to the treatment without inoculation) and alkaline (5.49 and 6.49 percent, respectively, for strains A1and A2 compared to the treatment without inoculation) in the soil, but these parameters decreased with the application of phosphorus fertilizer. In general, the results showed that in soils with low total and Olsen phosphorus, using obtained phosphorus fertilizer and inoculation with mycorrhiza through symbiosis with the plant leads to better absorption of elements from the soil and better plant growth.
کلیدواژهها [English]
EXTENDED ABSTRACT
Phosphorus is the second most important nutrient required by plants after nitrogen and is involved in all biochemical processes, energy-generating compounds, and in addition, the construction of cell membranes and energy transfer. Excessive use of phosphate fertilizers in agricultural lands to provide phosphorus required by crops has always caused environmental problems. In recent years, to reduce these harmful effects, auxiliary resources such as biofertilizers have been significantly used. In sustainable agriculture, the use of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi to improve plant growth and plant mineral nutrition (especially phosphorus) has a special place. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to understand the effect of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi at different levels of phosphorus fertilizer on phosphatase enzyme activity and absorption of phosphorus, magnesium, potassium, and nitrogen by corn plants and on some soil and plant characteristics in a sandy loam soil.
A factorial pot experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with three replications in greenhouse conditions. Treatments included phosphorus fertilizer (control (zero), 100 and 200 kg ha-1 triple superphosphate) and inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi (without inoculation and inoculation with F. mosseae strain A1 and F. mosseae strain A2). After 3 months, the plants were harvested and the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase enzymes in the soil, soil Olsen phosphorus, concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen, magnesium, and potassium in the plant were measured.
The results showed that applying phosphorus fertilizer and using mycorrhizal fungi increased the dry weight of the plant and the concentration of phosphorus, nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium in the shoot. Inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi increased root colonization and also increased the activity of acid phosphatase enzymes (25.2 and 37.07 percent, respectively, for strains A1and A2 compared to the treatment without inoculation) and alkaline (5.49 and 6.49 percent, respectively, for strains A1and A2 compared to the treatment without inoculation) in the soil, but these parameters decreased with the application of phosphorus fertilizer.
The results of this study show that although the use of phosphorus fertilizer has reduced the colonization of corn plant roots by mycorrhizal fungi; however, the use of mycorrhizal fungi, even in treatments with 200 kg ha-1 of phosphorus fertilizer, has still increased the activity of acid and alkaline phosphatases (compared to the corresponding treatment without inoculation), increased soil phosphorus, improved phosphorus absorption, and increased plant yield. For crop production in phosphorus-poor soils, fertilization with phosphorus fertilizers is required. The use of mycorrhizal fungi in plant cultivation has improved plant growth and better absorption of phosphorus, nitrogen, magnesium, and potassium elements by the plant. The mycorrhizal fungi used in this study, especially Strian A2, had a very significant and positive effect on plant characteristics. In general, the results showed that in soils with low total and Olsen phosphorus, using obtained phosphorus fertilizer and inoculation with mycorrhiza through symbiosis with the plant leads to better absorption of elements from the soil and better plant growth.
The study was conceptualized by Marzieh Kolahkaj, Roya Zalaghi, Gholam Reza Ghezelbash, and Nasser Aliasgharzad who also provided oversight for project administration. The methodology was developed by Marzieh Kolahkaj, while the paper writing and software utilized for data analysis was also implemented by Roya Zalaghi, Gholam Reza Ghezelbash, and Nasser Aliasgharzad. Validation of the findings involved all authors ensuring the robustness of the results. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
The authors would like to thank Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz for funding this project (grant number SCU.AS 1402.28572).
The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
)