نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استادیار بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی ، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران
2 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز، ایران
3 استادیار بخش تحقیقات خاک و آب، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی استان خوزستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اهواز ، ایران
چکیده
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات
عنوان مقاله [English]
نویسندگان [English]
In order to investigate the effects of two no biostimulants, amino acid (foliar application) and humic acid (soil application), on the morpho-physiological traits of sesame (Darab1 and local cvs) with drip irrigation on seed yield and water productivity indices (P, kg/ rial) and water productivity (WP, kg/m3) and economic water productivity (WP$, rials /m3), an experiment was conducted in one of the farms in Behbahan county in Khuzestan province (crop season 2021-02). The results of comparing the means based on t-Test indicated a significant superiority (P < 0.01) of the treatment with biostimulants in all the traits studied compared to the control treatment (no biostimulants). In a way that in the treatment with Biostimulants and control, the number of capsules per plant was equivalent to 138.2 and 122.4 capsules, the number of seeds per capsule was equivalent to 79.4 and 68.4 seeds, P index was equivalent to 6.86 and 6.04 kg/million rials, WP was equivalent to 231.0 and 198.0 kg/m3, and WP$ was 28.7 and 20.7 thousand rials /m3, respectively. In both investigated fertilizer treatments, the Darab1 sesame cultivar showed a significant superiority over the local cultivar. Regression analysis results showed that among the yield components, the capsule trait per plant had the highest correlation of 0.822 with yield. Capsule per plant as one of the yield components had the highest positive and significant correlation (P < 0.01) with P, WP, and WP$ indices. Regression analysis results showed that the traits of number of capsules per plant and seeds per capsule had the highest positive and significant effect (P < 0.01) on WP and WP$ indices (with t-values of 5.660 and 5.532, respectively). The use of biostimulants under study led to a significant increase in yield components such as capsules per plant and seeds per capsule, resulting in increased yield and P, WP, and WP$ indices.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
EXTENDED ABSTRACT
The agricultural sector is one of the most important economic sectors in Iran. Meanwhile, lack of water is the main factor limiting the production of agricultural and food products. Therefore, the necessity of optimal use of limited water resources is more important than in the past. The use of modern irrigation systems such as Tape drip irrigation is one of the effective options in improving the efficiency of water consumption and reducing water consumption (Gadami Firouzabadi and Parvizi, 2017). Reduction and limitation of clean water resources will make it difficult to meet food needs in the future. This is despite the fact that about 70% of the world's water resources are used in agriculture and food preparation., it is necessary to manage and conserve in agricultural water to overcome the water shortage (Mao et al., 2003). Sesame (Sesamum indicum L) is one of the oldest oilseed plants that is adapted to subtropical to hot climates (Khajehpour 2005). In recent years, the attention of agricultural experts has been focused on improving the quality of the sustainability of the cultivation system and reducing production costs by reducing consumption inputs. Plant growth stimulants are capable of stimulating plant growth and development under optimal conditions and stress (Ronga et al., 2019). The results of a research have not been published in the physical and economic efficiency of water in sesame cultivation in the southern regions of the country using growth stimulating fertilizers and drip irrigation. Therefore, the present article is derived from the results of a project that was carried out with the aim of determining the productivity, physical and economic efficiency of water in drip irrigation fields under the conditions of farmers. In this research, the effect of performance components on the productivity, physical and economic productivity profiles of water was investigated. Also, the effects of using and not using growth stimulating fertilizers were investigated in Darab1 and local Behbahan cultivars.
In order to investigate and compare the performance and productivity of the Darab 1 variety with the local variety (control) in the conditions of farmers in Behbahan city in Khuzestan province, in the form of a research project, an experiment was implemented in one of the farms in Behbahan city (with an area of 6600 square meters) which had a drip irrigation system in the crop year 2021-2022. In this study, also growth stimulating fertilizers was used as the second treatment. Each cultivar was grown side by side in a plot of 3300 square meters and compared. The control treatment and biostimulants (experimental treatment) had the same crop management throughout the season. The management of the irrigation period was the responsibility of the operator. Using an ultrasonic device, the flow rate of the irrigation system was measured several times. At the end of the growing season, traits such as plant height, number of capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield, physical and economic water efficiency and crop productivity were measured or calculated. To compare the amount of applied irrigation water by the operator, the water demand numbers calculated through meteorological data were used. The t-test was used to statistically compare the results measured and calculated in the field in two cultivars and fertilizer treatments. Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to compare the correlation of all investigated traits. The significant level for the entry and exit of variables into the equation was considered to be 5%. To investigate the effects of the independent variable on the dependent parameters, linear multivariate regression analysis was used in a step-by-step manner.
The results of the comparison of the average indices were measured and calculated in the t-test for two varieties of Darab 1 and the places that have used growth stimulant fertilizers showed that Darab 1 variety has a significant superiority in all the examined traits compared to the local variety. So that the two cultivars Darab 1 and local with yields of 1407.8 and 1248.1 kg per hectare, physical productivity equal to 0.245 and 0.217 kg per cubic meter, economic productivity Equivalent to 32.0 and 24.3 thousand rials per cubic meter and the productivity was calculated as equivalent to 7.16 and 6.35 kg of sesame produced per consumption of one million rials, respectively, which all they had significantly different a level of 1%. Sesame variety Darab1, both with and without growth promoting fertilizers, had a significant advantage over Behbehan local sesame variety. The results of Pearson's correlation coefficient for the measured and calculated traits showed that among the yield components, the capsule trait in the plant had the highest correlation coefficient with the yield with a correlation coefficient of 0.822. The capsule in the plant as one of the performance components has the most positive and significant correlation with the traits of physical productivity, economic productivity and productivity and it can be considered as the most important performance component that has the most It introduced the highest level of influence in increasing or decreasing performance. The results of the analysis of variance in the regression model showed that among the independent variables, the number of capsules per plant and seeds per capsule, the most positive and significant effect at the 1% level on the physical and economic productivity of water with t-statistics the values were 5.660 and 5.532, respectively.
The results of this study showed that the use of growth stimulating fertilizers had the most significant effect on the growth of two traits: capsule in plant and seed in capsule. Therefore, the application of amino acid and humic acid increased yield with an increasing effect on yield components, including the two mentioned traits. The higher yield of sesame seeds brought greater physical and economic efficiency. The first priority in using amino acids is the spraying method. But in practice, due to the restrictions that arise in terms of traffic, damage to the vegetation is inevitable. Therefore, by using agricultural drones, the corresponding solution will be provided to the sesame plant through the leaves. In general, it can be stated that for the successful and economic production of sesame, growth stimulating fertilizers can be used and according to the results of this research, the use of growth stimulating fertilizers is beneficial to the farmer and the farmer both in terms of productivity and economic efficiency.
Conceptualization, N.S., MR.R. and S.O.; methodology, N.S. and MR.R.; software, N.S. and S.O.; validation, N.S. and MR.R.; formal analysis, N.S. and S.O.; investigation, N.S. and MR.R.; resources, N.S.; data curation, N.S. and MR.R.; writing—original draft preparation, N.S.; writing— review and editing, N.S., A.S. and E.Z.; visualization, N.S. and A.S.; supervision, N.S.; project administration, N.S.; funding acquisition, N.S. All authors have read and agreed to the published version of the manuscript.
Data is available on reasonable request from the authors.
The authors would like to thank the reviewers and editor for their critical comments that helped to improve the paper. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support and facilities provided by the Khuzestan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Ahvaz, Iran.
The authors avoided data fabrication, falsification, plagiarism, and misconduct.
The authors declare no conflict of interest.
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