تشکیل رایزوشیت و نقش آن در جذب پتاسیم در ارقام مختلف گندم (Triticum aestivum L.) تحت تنش خشکی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک- دانشکده کشاورزی- دانشگاه رازی

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی،دانشگا رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران

3 گروه بیوفیزیک خاک و سیستم های محیطی- دانشگاه صنعتی مونیخ-مونیخ- آلمان

چکیده

رایزوشیت به‌عنوان یک صفت تطبیقی بالقوه می‌تواند اثرات تنش خشکی را با حفظ رطوبت و تاثیر مثبت بر جذب آب و عناصر غذایی توسط گیاه در شرایط تنش خشکی تعدیل کند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف مقایسه تشکیل رایزوشیت در ارقام گندم و اثر آن بر جذب پتاسیم توسط گیاه در شرایط تنش خشکی انجام شد. بدین منظور از چهار رقم میهن و سیروان (ارقام آبی) و صدرا و ریژآو (ارقام دیم) استفاده گردید. ابتدا گلدان‌ها به چهار دسته ده‌تایی که هر دسته متعلق به یک رقم بود، تقسیم شدند و در هر رقم نیز دو سطح رطوبتی بهینه و تنش اعمال شد. پس از استقرار گیاهان در خاک اعمال تنش‌ خشکی در گلدان‌ها شروع شد. پس از گذشت ده هفته، عملیات برداشت اندام هوایی و ریشه گیاهان و جدا‌سازی رایزوشیت هر گلدان انجام شد. بیشترین نسبت وزن خشک رایزوشیت به وزن خشک ریشه در شرایط تنش در رقم ریژآو (22/69 گرم برگرم ) و کمترین مقدار در رقم صدرا (46/60 گرم برگرم ) مشاهده گردید. بیشترین و کمترین مقدار پتاسیم گیاه در تنش خشکی به ترتیب در رقم ریژآو ( 73/30 میلی‌گرم بر‌گلدان) و سیروان ( 73/28 میلی‌گرم بر‌گلدان) حاصل شد. بیشترین مقدار پتاسیم قابل دسترس رایزوشیت در تنش خشکی در رقم میهن (45/147 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم) و کمترین مقدار در رقم ریژآو (07/134 میلی‌گرم برکیلوگرم) اندازه‌گیری شد. بر اساس نتایج، ارقام مطالعه شده توانایی یکسان و بالایی در تشکیل رایزوشیت در شرایط تنش خشکی داشتند. انجام مطالعات بیشتر با ارقام مختلف گندم و سایر گیاهان زراعی و باغی پیشنهاد می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Rhizosheath formation and its effect on potassium uptake in different cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Javad Almasi 1
  • Sareh Nezami 2
  • Mohsen Zarebanadkouki 3
1 Soil Science and Engineering Department- College of Agriculture- Razi University
2 Soil Science and Engineering department, College of Agriculture, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
3 Soil Biophysics and Environmental Systems Department, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
چکیده [English]

Rhizosheath as a potential adaptive trait can adjust the effects of drought stress by maintaining moisture, and have a positive effect on the uptake of water and nutrients by the plant. The present study was conducted to compare the formation of rhizosheath in different wheat cultivars and its impact on potassium uptake by the plant under drought stress conditions. For this reason, four wheat cultivars, Mihan and Sirvan (irrigated cultivars) and Sadra and Rizhaw (rainfed cultivars) were used. First, the pots were divided into four groups of ten, each group belonging to one cultivar, and in each cultivar, two moisture levels (optimum and stress) were applied. Drought stress started in the pots after plants were established in the soil. After ten weeks, plants were harvested, and separating the rhizosheath of each pot was done. The highest ratio of the rhizosheath dry weight to the root dry weight under stress conditions was observed in Rizhaw (69.22 g/g) and the lowest value was observed in Sadra (60.46 g/g). The highest and lowest value of potassium in the plant under drought stress was obtained in Rizhaw (30.73 mg/pot) and Sirvan (28.73 mg/pot), respectively. The maximum value of available potassium in rhizosheath under drought stress was measured in Mihan (147.45 mg kg-1) and the minimum value in Rizhaw (134.07 mg kg-1). Results showed that the studied cultivars had the same and high ability to form rhizosheath under drought stress conditions. Further studies with different wheat cultivars and other agronomic and horticultural crops are recommended.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Rhizosheath
  • Rhizaw
  • Sirvan
  • water deficit

Rhizosheath formation and its effect on potassium uptake in different cultivars of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under drought stress

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Background:

 Drought stress is the most common (abiotic) environmental stress that limits the crop production of approximately 25% of the world's agricultural lands. 85% of Iran's area is includes arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, drought and lack of water has always been one of the most important problems of agriculture in Iran. Rhizosheath as a potential adaptive trait can adjust the effects of drought stress by maintaining moisture, and have a positive effect on the uptake of water and nutrients by the plant. The present study was conducted to compare the formation of rhizosheath in different wheat cultivars and its effect on potassium uptake by the plant under drought stress conditions.

Materials & Methods:

 For this reason, four wheat cultivars, Mihan and Sirvan (irrigated cultivars), and Sadra and Rizhaw (rainfed cultivars) were used. First, the pots were divided into four groups of ten, each group belonging to one cultivar, and in each cultivar, two moisture levels (optimum and stress) were applied. After seeds planting and establishing in the soil (the third week), drought stress was started in the pots. Then, ten weeks of the seeds planting, harvesting of the shoots and roots of the plants and separating the rhizosheath of each pot was done and desired characteristics were determined. In order to determine the transpiration rate of each variety in the last five days before harvesting, all the pots were weighed twice a day (9 am and 3 pm).

Results:

In drought stress conditions, the maximum and minimum transpiration rate was measured in Rizhaw (0.79 g/h) and Mihan (0.74 g/h) cultivars, respectively. The maximum value of shoot to root dry weight under drought stress belonged to Sirvan (3.61 g/g) and the minimum value was seen in Rizhaw (1.76 g/g). The highest ratio of the rhizosheath dry weight to the root dry weight under stress conditions was observed in Rizhaw (69.22 g/g) and the lowest value was observed in Sadra (60.46 g/g). The highest and lowest value of potassium in the plant under drought stress was obtained in Rizhaw (30.73 mg/pot) and Sirvan (28.73 mg/pot) cultivars, respectively. The maximum value of available potassium in rhizosheath under drought stress was measured in Mihan (147.45 mg kg-1) and the minimum value in Rizhaw (134.07 mg kg-1).

Conclusion:

 According to the results, there was no significant difference between the cultivars in rhizosheath formation under drought stress conditions, and all of them had the same and high ability to form rhizosheath, and as a result, they were able to act similar in potassium absorption at this condition. Also, different cultivars had similar transpiration rates under drought stress due to the same ability to form rhizosheath. Further studies are recommended with different wheat cultivar and other agronomic and horticultural crops.

مراجع

Akhtar, J., Galloway, A. F., Nikolopoulos, G., Field, K. J., & Knox, P. (2018). A quantitative method for the high throughput screening for the soil adhesion properties of plant and microbial polysaccharides and exudates. Plant and Soil, 428, 57-65.‏ DOI: 10.1007/s11104-018-3670-1.
Albalasmeh, A. A., & Ghezzehei, T. A. (2014). Interplay between soil drying and root exudation in rhizosheath development. Plant and Soil, 374, 739-751.‏ DOI: 10.1007/s11104-013-1910-y.
Alizadeh, A., Majidi, A., & Noormohammadi, G. (2008). The effect of drought stress and soil nitrogen on the nutrients uptake in corn (cultivar, 704). Journal of Research in Agricultural Science, 4 (1), 51-59. (In Persian).
Anderson, G. (2009). Seaweed extract shows improved fruit quality at McLaren Vale vineyard trial. Australian and New Zealand Grape Grower and Winemaker, (548), 17-22.‏
Basirat, M., Mousavi, S. M., Abbaszadeh, S., Ebrahimi, M., & Zarebanadkouki, M. (2019). The rhizosheath: a potential root trait helping plants to tolerate drought stress. Plant and Soil, 445(1), 565-575. DOI:10.1007/s11104-019-04334-0.
Benard, P., Zarebanadkouki, M., Brax, M., Kaltenbach, R., Jerjen, I., Marone, F., ... & Carminati, A. (2019). Microhydrological niches in soils: How mucilage and EPS alter the biophysical properties of the rhizosphere and other biological hotspots. Vadose Zone Journal, 18(1), 1-10.‏ DOI.org/10.2136/vzj2018.12.0211.
Benard, P., Zarebanadkouki, M., Hedwig, C., Holz, M., Ahmed, M. A., & Carminati, A. (2018). Pore‐scale distribution of mucilage affecting water repellency in the rhizosphere. Vadose Zone Journal, 17 (1), 1-9. DOI.org/10.2136/vzj2017.01.0013.
Black, C. A., Evans, D. D., White, J. L., Ensminger, L. E., and Clark, F. E. (1965). Methods of soil analysis, part 2, Chemical and microbiological properties. Amer. Soc. Agr. Inc. Publisher Agro. Series 9.  DOI:10.2134/agronmonogr9.2.
Bouyoucos, G. J. (1962). Hydrometer method improved for making particle size analyses of soils 1. Agronomy journal, 54(5), 464-465.‏ DOI.org/10.2134/agronj1962.00021962005400050028x.
Bristow, C. E., Campbell, G. S., Wullstein, L. H., & Neilson, R. (1985). Water uptake and storage by rhizosheaths of Oryzopsis hymenoides: a numerical simulation. Physiologia Plantarum, 65(3), 228-232. DOI.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1985.tb02387.x.
Brown, L. K., George, T. S., Neugebauer, K., & White, P. J. (2017). The rhizosheath a potential trait for future agricultural sustainability occurs in orders throughout the angiosperms. Plant and Soil, 418(1), 115-128. DOI:10.1007/s11104-017-3220-2.
Burak, E., Quinton, J. N., & Dodd, I. C. (2021). Root hairs are the most important root trait for rhizosheath formation of barley (Hordeum vulgare), maize (Zea mays) and Lotus japonicus (Gifu). Annals of Botany, 128(1), 45-57.‏ DOI.org/10.1093/aob/mcab029.
Carminati, A., Moradi, A. B., Vetterlein, D., Vontobel, P., Lehmann, E., Weller, U., & Oswald, S. E. (2010). Dynamics of soil water content in the rhizosphere. Plant and soil, 332, 163-176.‏ DOI:10.1007/s11104-010-0283-8.
Carminati, A., P. Benard, M.A. Ahmed, and M. Zarebanadkouki. (2017). Liquid bridges at the root–soil interface. Plant and Soil, 417:1–15. DOI:10.1007/s11104-017-3227-8.
Carminati, A., Schneider, C. L., Moradi, A. B., Zarebanadkouki, M., Vetterlein, D., Vogel, H. J., & Oswald, S. E. (2011). How the rhizosphere may favor water availability to roots. Vadose Zone Journal, 10(3), 988-998. DOI:10.2136/vzj2010.0113.
Chapman, H. D., & Pratt, F. P. (1961). Ammonium vandate-molybdate method for determination of phosphorus. Methods of analysis for soils. Plants and water, 1, 184-203.
Cheraghi, M., Mousavi, S. M., & Zarebanadkouki, M. (2023). Functions of rhizosheath on facilitating the uptake of water and nutrients under drought stress: A review. Plant and Soil, 1-25.‏ DOI:10.1007/s11104-023-06126-z.
Cheraghi, M., Motesharezadeh, B., Mousavi S. M., Basirat, M., Alikhani, H. A., & Zarebanadkouki, M. (2024). Application of silicon improves rhizosheath formation, morpho-physiological and biochemical responses of wheat under drought stress. Plant & Soil, DOI: 10.1007/s11104-024-06584-z.
Delhaize E, James RA, Ryan PR. 2012. Aluminum tolerance of root hairs underlies genotypic differences in rhizosheath size of wheat (Triticum aestivum) grown on acid soil. New Phytologist, 195: 609–619. DOI.org/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2012.04183.x.
Delhaize E, Rathjen TM, Cavanagh CR (2015).The genetics of rhizosheath size in a multiparent mapping population of wheat. Journal of Experimental Botany, 66:4527–4536. DOI:10.1093/jxb/erv223.
Fang, Y., & Xiong, L. (2015). General mechanisms of drought response and their application in drought resistance improvement in plants. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 72, 673-689.‏
Gardner, W. R. (1960). Dynamic aspects of water availability to plants. Soil Science, 89(2), 63-73.‏ DOI.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.16.060165.001543.
George, T. S., Brown, L. K., Ramsay, L., White, P. J., Newton, A. C., Bengough, A. G., & Thomas, W. T. (2014). Understanding the genetic control and physiological traits associated with rhizosheath production by barley (H ordeum vulgare). New Phytologist, 203(1), 195-205.‏ DOI:10.1111/nph.12786.
Haling RE, Brown LK, Bengough AG, Valentine TA, White PJ, Young IM, George TS. (2014). Root hair length and rhizosheath mass depend on soil porosity, strength and water content in barley genotypes. Planta, 239:643–651. DOI:10.1007/s00425-013-2002-1.
Helmke, P. A., & Sparks, D. L. (1996). Lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium. Methods of soil analysis: Part 3 Chemical Methods, 5, 551-574. DOI.org/10.2136/sssabookser5.3.c19.
Jajromi, V (2012). Effect of drought stress on germination indices in seven wheat cultivars (T. aestivum L.). Journal of Plant Breeding and Breeding, 8(4), 192-183. (In Persian).
Khoshgoftarmanesh, A. H. (2007). Evaluation of plant nutrition status and optimal fertilizer management. First Edition. Isfahan: Publishing Center of Isfahan University of Technology. (In Persian).
Lynch, J. P. (2013). Steep, cheap and deep: an ideotype to optimize water and N acquisition by maize root systems. Annals of Botany, 112(2), 347-357.‏
Liu, T. Y., Ye, N., Song, T., Cao, Y., Gao, B., Zhang, D., & Zhang, J. (2019). Rhizosheath formation and involvement in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) root growth under drought stress. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 61(4), 449-462.‏ DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12716.
Liu, T.Y., Chen, M.X., Zhang, Y., Zhu, F.Y., Liu, Y.G., Tian, Y., Fernie, A.R., Ye, N. and Zhang, J. (2019). Comparative metabolite profiling of two switchgrass ecotypes reveals differences in drought stress responses and rhizosheath weight. Planta, 250, 1355-1369.‏ DOI: 10.1007/s00425-019-03228-w.
Liu, T.Y., Ye, N., Wang, X., Das, D., Tan, Y., You, X., Long, M., Hu, T., Dai, L., Zhang, J. and Chen, M.X. (2021). Drought stress and plant ecotype drive microbiome recruitment in switchgrass rhizosheath. Journal of Integrative Plant Biology, 63(10), 1753-1774. DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13154.
Malakouti, M. J. (2014). Optimum recommendation of fertilizer use for agricultural products in Iran. Mobaleghan Publisher, Iran. (In Persian).
Marasco, R., Mosqueira, M. J., Fusi, M., Ramond, J. B., Merlino, G., Booth, J. M., ... & Daffonchio, D. (2018). Rhizosheath microbial community assembly of sympatric desert speargrasses is independent of the plant host. Microbiome, 6(1), 1-18.‏ doi: 10.1186/s40168-018-0597-y.
McCully, M. E., & Boyer, J. S. (1997). The expansion of maize root‐cap mucilage during hydration. 3. Changes in water potential and water content. Physiologia Plantarum, 99(1), 169-177.‏ DOI.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1997.tb03445.x.
Mo, X., Wang, M., Zeng, H., & Wang, J. (2023). Rhizosheath: Distinct features and environmental functions. Geoderma, 435, 116500.‏ DOI.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2023.116500.
Ndour, P. M. S., Heulin, T., Achouak, W., Laplaze, L., & Cournac, L. (2020). The rhizosheath: from desert plants adaptation to crop breeding. Plant and Soil, 456 (1-2), 1-13.‏ DOI:10.1007/s11104-020-04700-3.
North, G. B., & Nobel, P. S. (1997). Drought-induced changes in soil contact and hydraulic conductivity for roots of Opuntia ficus-indica with and without rhizosheaths. Plant and Soil, 191(2), 249-258. DOI:10.1023/A:1004213728734.
Oburger E & Jones DL. (2018). Sampling root exudates – mission impossible? Rhizosphere, 6: 116–133. DOI:10.1016/j.rhisph.2018.06.004.
Olsen, S. R., V. Cole, F. S. Watanabe, L. A. Dean. (1954). Estimations of available phosphorus in soils by extractions with sodium bicarbonate. Washington, DC: United States Department of Agriculture. 939–41.
Pang, J., Ryan, M. H., Siddique, K. H., & Simpson, R. J. (2017). Unwrapping the rhizosheath. Plant and Soil, 418(1), 129-139. DOI:10.1007/s11104-017-3358-y.
Pinton, R., Varanini, Z., & Nannipieri, P. (2001). The rhizosphere as a site of biochemical interactions among soil components, plants, and microorganisms. Basel, New York.‏
Pirzad, A.R., Shakiba, M.R., Salmasi, S., Z., and Mohammadi, S. (2012). Effect of water stress on absorption of some nutrients in German chamomile. Journal of Agriculture, 28(106), 1-7. DOI: 10.22092/AJ.2015.105662. (In Persian).
Rahimi Jahangirlou, m. (2021). Agronomic and Breeding Strategies and Smart Technologies for Mitigating Drought Stress Impacts on Crop Plants. Agricultural Information Science and Technology, 3(2), 31-41. DOI:10.22092/AISTJ.2022.356373.1053. (In Persian).
Read, D.B., P.J. Gregory, and A.E. Bell. (1999). Physical properties of axenic maize root mucilage. Plant & Soil, 211:87–91.
Richards, L. A. (1947). Diagnosis and improvement of saline and alkaline soils. Soil science, 64(5), 432.‏ DOI.org/10.2136/sssaj1954.03615995001800030032x.
Samavat, S. (2007). Report on the status of the organic matter of the Iran's soils. Soil &Water Research Institute, Karaj, Iran. (In Persian)
Sharp, R.E., Poroyko, V., Hejlek, L.G., Spollen, W.G., Springer, G.K., Bohnert, H. J., & Nguyen, H. T. (2004). Root growth maintenance during water deficits: physiology to functional genomics. Journal of Experimental Botany, 55(407), 2343-2351.‏
Walkley, A., & Black, I. A. (1934). Chromic acid titration for determination of soil organic matter. Soil Science, 63(4), 251.‏ DOI.org/10.1097/00010694-193401000-00003.
Watt, M., McCully, M. E., & Canny, M. J. (1994). Formation and stabilization of rhizosheaths of Zea mays L. (Effect of soil water content). Plant Physiology, 106(1), 179-186.‏ DOI: 10.1104/pp.106.1.179.
Wen, Z., Pang, J., Ryan, M. H., Shen, J., Siddique, K. H., & Lambers, H. (2021). In addition to foliar manganese concentration, both iron and zinc provide proxies for rhizosheath carboxylates in chickpea under low phosphorus supply. Plant and Soil, 465 (1-2), 31-46.‏ DOI: 10.1007/s11104-021-04988-9.
Xu, F., Liao, H., Zhang, Y., Yao, M., Liu, J., Sun, L., & Xu, W. (2022). Coordination of root auxin with the fungus Piriformospora indica and bacterium Bacillus cereus enhances rice rhizosheath formation under soil drying. The ISME Journal, 16(3), 801-811.‏ DOI: 10.1038/s41396-021-01133-3.
Young, I. M. (1995). Variation in moisture contents between bulk soil and the rhizosheath of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Wembley). New Phytologist, 130(1), 135-139.‏ DOI:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1995.tb01823.x.
Zarebanadkouki, M., Fink, T., Benard, P., & Banfield, C. C. (2019). Mucilage facilitates nutrient diffusion in the drying rhizosphere. Vadose Zone Journal, 18(1), 1-13.‏ DOI.org/10.2136/vzj2019.02.0021.
Zeng, Q., & Brown, P. H. (2000). Soil potassium mobility and uptake by corn under differential soil moisture regimes. Plant and Soil, 221(2), 121-134. DOI: 10.1023/A: 1004738414847.
Zhang, Y., Du, H., Gui, Y., Xu, F., Liu, J., Zhang, J., & Xu, W. (2020). Moderate water stress in rice induces rhizosheath formation associated with abscisic acid and auxin responses. Journal of Experimental Botany, 71(9), 2740-2751. DOI.org/10.1093/jxb/eraa021.
Zhang, Y., Du, H., Xu, F., Ding, Y., Gui, Y., Zhang, J., & Xu, W. (2020). Root-bacteria associations boost rhizosheath formation in moderately dry soil through ethylene responses. Plant Physiology, 183(2), 780-792.‏ DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01020.
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 55، شماره 7
مهر 1403
صفحه 1063-1078

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار