برآورد آب برداشت شده برای کشاورزی استان فارس بر اساس مدل‌سازی بیلان آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولد گیاهی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

3 موسسه تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

4 گروه زراعت، دانشکده تولید گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

5 گروه اقتصادکشاورزی، دانشکده مدیریت کشاورزی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران

چکیده

از دیرباز بین سازمان‌های مرتبط با منابع آب در بخش کشاورزی (مثل وزارت نیرو و جهاد کشاورزی) بر سر میزان آب برداشتی برای کشاورزی در سطوح کشوری و استانی اختلاف وجود دارد. هدف از این مطالعه برآورد آب برداشت‌شده برای کشاورزی آبی استان فارس بر اساس مد‌ل‌سازی بیلان آب در شرایط «کشاورزان» بود. برای این منظور از سامانه استانی حسابداری آب برای اراضی کشاورزی آبی استان فارس استفاده شد. برآوردهای سامانه بر اساس داده‌های هواشناسی 10 ساله (1400-1390) و آمار سطح زیرکشت میانگین 5 ساله (1400-1396) انجام گرفت. نتایج نشان داد که بیش‌ترین سطح زیرکشت در استان به‌ترتیب متعلق به گندم (32 درصد)، میوه‌ها (24 درصد) و جو (7 درصد) بود. از نظر حجم خالص آب آبیاری کاربردی سالیانه به‌ترتیب میوه‌ها (39 درصد)، گندم (14 درصد) و برنج (7 درصد) در صدر قرار داشتند. بیشترین حجم خالص آب آبیاری کاربردی در بین گیاهان استان به نخل، برنج و انار به‌ترتیب با 23651، 14489، 10160 مترمکعب در هکتار اختصاص داشت. نتایج بیلان آب استان نشان داد که بیشترین حجم خالص آب آبیاری گیاهان استان به-ترتیب در ماه‌های خرداد تا تیر (1024 میلیون مترمکعب) و کمترین آن در آذر تا دی (8/70 میلیون مترمکعب) اتفاق می‌افتد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد متوسط حجم آب برداشت شده برای کشاورزی آبی استان برابر 6565 میلیون مترمکعب در سال (دامنه 6228 تا 7076) می‌باشد که کمتر از برآورد وزارت نیرو (7991 میلیون مترمکعب در سال) است. بخشی از این اختلاف ناشی از استفاده از سال‌های آماری متفاوت می‌باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Estimation of withdrawal water for Fars Province agriculture based on water balance modelling

نویسندگان [English]

  • Abdolrahman Mirzaei 1
  • Afshin Soltani 2
  • Fariborz Abbasi 3
  • Ebrahim Zeinali 4
  • Shahrzad Mirkarimi 5
1 Department of Agronomy, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
2 Department of Agronomy, College of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources
3 Agricultural Engineering Research Institute: Karaj, Iran
4 Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
5 Department of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agricultural Management, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
چکیده [English]

 
There has been a long-standing dispute between organizations associated with water resources (such as the Ministry of Energy and Agricultural Jihad) over the amount of withdrawal water for agriculture at the national and provincial levels. The purpose of this study was to estimate the withdrawal water for irrigated agriculture in Fars Province based on water balance modelling under the condition of “farmers". For this purpose, the SAWA system was used. The system estimates were obtained based on 10-year meteorological data (2011–2021) and 5-year crop area statistics (2017–2021). The largest crop area belonged to wheat (32%), fruits (24%), and barley (7%). Regarding net applied irrigation water volume, fruits (39%), wheat (14%), and rice (7%) had the greatest shares. The highest net applied irrigation water belonged to date, rice and pomegranate, respectively, with 23651, 14489, and 10160 m3.ha-1. Water balance analysis showed that the highest irrigation occurs in June (1024 million m3) and the lowest in December (70.8 million m3). The average volume of withdrawal water for agriculture was estimated at 6565 million m3 per year with a range of 6228–7076 million m3 per year, which was less than the estimate of the Ministry of Energy (i.e., 7991 million m3 per year). Part of this difference is due to the use of different statistical years.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Applied irrigation water
  • SSM-iCrop2
  • Water accounting

Estimation of withdrawal water for Fars Province agriculture based on water balance modelling

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Introduction

There has been a long-standing dispute between organizations associated with water resources (such as the Ministry of Energy and Agricultural Jihad) over the amount of withdrawal water for agriculture at the national and provincial levels. The existence of these differences has caused a lack of desired results in planning and decisions related to water resources, such as water scarcity adaptation programs. One of the most important reasons for this difference is the lack of clear methods for estimating reliable information on water resources with the ability to be easily updated.

Materials and Methods

The purpose of this study was to estimate the withdrawal water for irrigated agriculture in Fars Province based on water balance modelling under the Farmers’ conditions. For this purpose, the provincial water accounting system for irrigated agricultural lands in Fars Province (SAWA) was used. The central core of this system consists of a plant simulator model (SSM-icrop2), which was calibrated and set up for 35 important plants of the province in 17 agro-ecological zones. System estimates were based on 10-year meteorological data (2011–2021) and 5-year average cultivated area statistics (2017–2021).

Results

The results showed that the largest crop area belonged to wheat (32%), fruits (24%), and barley (7%). Regarding net applied irrigation water volume, fruits (39%), wheat (14%), and rice (7%) had the greatest shares. The highest net applied irrigation water belonged to date, rice and pomegranate, respectively, with 23651, 14489, and 10160 m3 ha-1. Water balance analysis showed that the highest irrigation occurs in June (1024 million m3) and the lowest in December (70.8 million m3). The average volume of withdrawal water for agriculture was estimated at 6565 million m3 per year, with a range of 6228–7076 million m3 per year.

Conclusion

The present study showed that the estimates of the system under the conditions of "farmers" were lower than the "potential", which should be taken into account in decisions and planning related to water resources. This is important because most models and software provide estimates for "potential" conditions, which are not accurate estimates. But the estimates of the current study are made for the conditions of farmers, and the results are valid and close to reality. The average volume of withdrawal water for agriculture was estimated at 6565 million m3 per year, with a range of 6228–7076 million m3 per year, which was less than the estimate of the Ministry of Energy (i.e., 7991 million m3 per year). This difference is related to the estimation method and data collection years. The estimation of withdrawal water for Fars Province agriculture using the SAWA system is very important in the validity of the estimates, from the point of view that it has reached the withdrawal water for province from the applied water irrigation in the fields, which is the innovative aspect of this study.

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 55، شماره 6
شهریور 1403
صفحه 963-978

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