اثر پوشش و دبی بر الگوی رطوبتی و نگه‌داشت آب خاک در سامانه آبیاری قطره‌ای نواری

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

3 استاد گروه آبیاری و زهکشی، دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیط زیست، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.

4 دانشجوی دکتری، گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

آبیاری قطره‌ای نواری در صورت طراحی و اجرای صحیح، روشی موثر در افزایش راندمان آبیاری است. تحقیق حاضر به منظور بررسی اثر پوشش پلاستیکی و دبی بر ابعاد الگوی رطوبتی و نگه‌داشت آب خاک از یک منبع خطی انجام شد. بدین منظور، آزمایشی در قالب طرح آماری بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با چهار تیمار متشکل از دو عامل کاربرد یا عدم کاربرد پوشش و دبی (2 و 4 لیتر بر ساعت) در سه تکرار طراحی شد. این پژوهش در مزرعه دانشکده مهندسی آب و محیطزیست دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، در خاکی با بافت لوم رسی سیلتی صورت گرفت. ابعاد الگوی رطوبتی خاک، 24 ساعت پس از پایان آبیاری تعیین گردید. اختلاف رطوبت خاک بین روزهای دوم و چهارم پس از آبیاری به‌عنوان معیار نگه‌داشت آب خاک در نظر گرفته شد. رطوبت خاک پس از گذشت 24 و 72 ساعت از پایان آبیاری، اندازه‌گیری شد. مطابق نتایج، با کاربرد پوشش عمق، عرض و مساحت خیسشده خاک به‌ترتیب 59/13، 25/20 و 54/38 درصد نسبت به تیمارهای بدون پوشش افزایش یافتند که این افزایش معنی‌دار بود. اختلاف رطوبت خاک بین روزهای دوم و چهارم پس از آبیاری، از 96/1 درصد در نوارهای بدون پوشش به 65/0 درصد در نوارهای پوشش‌دار کاهش یافت. با افزایش دبی از 2 به 4 لیتر بر ساعت، عمق‌ خیس‌شده خاک از 22/27 به 55/23 سانتی‌متر کاهش، عرض خیس‌شده خاک از 72/26 به 88/31 سانتی‌متر افزایش و مساحت خیس‌شده خاک از 17/602 به 28/658 سانتی‌مترمربع افزایش یافت که در تمامی موارد حاکی از اثر معنی‌دار افزایش دبی بر این پارامترها می‌باشد. افزایش دبی سبب افزایش نگه‌داشت آب خاک گردید اما این اثر معنی‌دار نبود. کاربرد پوشش، نسبت به افزایش دبی، تاثیر بیش‌تری بر افزایش ابعاد الگوی رطوبتی و نگه‌داشت آب خاک داشت. بنابراین، کاربرد پوشش پلاستیکی جهت افزایش راندمان سامانه آبیاری قطره‌ای، توصیه می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of plastic mulch and discharge on the soil wetting pattern and water retention in drip tape irrigation

نویسندگان [English]

  • Milad Pourmansouri 1
  • Abdolrahim Hooshmand 2
  • Saeed BoroomandNasab 3
  • Khashayar Peyghan 4
1 Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water Engineering and Environment, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environment Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
3 Professor. Department of Irrigation and Drainage, Faculty of Water and Environment Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran.
4 Ph.D. Candidate, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Drip tape irrigation, if designed and implemented correctly, is an effective way to increase irrigation efficiency. The present research was conducted in order to investigate the effects of plastic mulch and discharge on the soil wetting pattern dimensions and water retention from a linear source. For this purpose, an experiment in the statistical design form of random complete blocks with four treatments including two factors of application or non-application of plastic mulch and discharge (2 and 4 liters per hour) was designed in three replications. This research was carried out in farm of the Faculty of Water and Environmental Engineering, Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, in a soil with silty clay loam texture. The soil wetting pattern dimensions, 24 hours after the end of irrigation were determined. The soil moisture difference between the second and fourth days after irrigation was considered as a measure of soil water retention. The soil moisture was determined after 24 and 72 hours from the end of irrigation. According to the results, with the application of the mulch, the depth, width and wetted area of the soil increased by 13.59, 20.25 and 38.54 %, respectively, compared to the non-mulched treatments, which was significant. The soil moisture difference between the second and fourth days after irrigation decreased from 1.96% in the non-mulched borders to 0.65% in the mulched borders. With the increase of discharge from 2 to 4 liters per hour, the soil wetted depth decreased from 27.22 to 23.55 cm, the soil wetted width increased from 26.72 to 31.88 cm, and the soil wetted area increased from 602.17 to 658.28 cm2, which indicates significant effect of increasing discharge on these parameters in all cases. The increase in discharge increased soil water retention, but this effect was not significant. The application of mulch has a greater effect on increasing the soil wetting pattern dimensions and water retention than the increase in discharge. Therefore, the use of plastic mulch is recommended to increase the efficiency of the drip irrigation system.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Emitters Uniformity
  • Plastic Mulch
  • Pressurized Irrigation
  • Soil Moisture Front
  • Wetted Widths

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 54، شماره 2
اردیبهشت 1402
صفحه 337-351

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