مهارپذیری تولید رواناب و هدررفت خاک با استفاده از پسماندهای مختلف گوگردی در خاک‌ مارنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آبخیزداری، دانشکده منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، نور، ایران

2 گروه محیط‌زیست، دانشکده منابع‌طبیعی، دانشگاه تربیت‌ مدرس، نور، ایران

چکیده

امروزه فرسایش خاک یکی از مهم‌ترین چالش‌های زیست‌کره است. از طرفی تأمین نیازمندی‌های مختلف جامعه بشری، تولید زباله و پسماندهای مختلف و اغلب بدون استفاده را به دنبال دارد. بر همین اساس رویکردهای مختلف مدیریت پسماندها و افزایش بهره‌وری آن‌ها از طریق استفاده در مدیریت منابع خاک‎وآب می‌تواند منافع زیادی را به دنبال داشته باشد. در پژوهش حاضر از سه نوع پسماند گوگردی پالایشگاهی (تکه‌ای ، غباری و مخلوط با خاک) به‌عنوان افزودنی برای امکان‌سنجی مهار رواناب و هدررفت خاک مارنی منطقه مرزن‌آباد-کندلوس در شرایط آزمایشگاهی و در آزمایشگاه شبیه‌ساز باران و فرسایش خاک دانشگاه تربیت‌مدرس بین بهمن 1399 تا تیر 1400مدنظر قرار گرفت. برای این منظور از کرت کوچک با ابعاد 5/0×5/0×3/0 متر و شیب 25 درصد تحت بارش شبیه‌سازی‌شده با شدت 70 میلی‌متر بر ساعت و دوام 30 دقیقه استفاده شد. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش دلالت براثر معنی‌دار جداگانه سطح مصرف (04/0≥P) و نوع پسماند گوگردی (03/0≥P) و همچنین اثر متقابل سطح مصرف و نوع پسماند گوگردی (00/0≥P) بر حجم رواناب داشت. در خصوص هدررفت خاک نیز تأثیر معنی‌دار (02/0≥P) سطح‌های مختلف و غیرمعنی‌دار (06/0≤P) نوع پسماند گوگردی و همچنین اثر متقابل معنی‌دار (01/0≥P) سطح مصرف و نوع پسماند گوگردی بر هدررفت خاک از طریق تأثیر گوگرد بر ارتقای کیفیت و بهبود رفتار هیدرولوژیک خاک تائید شد. جمع‌بندی کلیه نتایج به‌دست‌آمده علاوه بر تأیید مصرف پسماند گوگردی در هریک از سطح‌ها و یا نوع، دلالت بر استفاده ترجیحی سطح دو گرم بر مترمربع گوگرد غباری داشته است.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

Controllability of runoff generation and soil loss due to application of different sulfur wastes on a marl soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahmood Sharifi Moghani 1
  • Seyed Hamidreza Sadeghi 1
  • Nader Bahramifar 2
1 Department of Watershed Management Engineering, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
2 Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Noor, Iran
چکیده [English]

In recent years, various studies have been conducted using natural and chemical amendments to reduce runoff and soil loss. However, in many cases, the idea of using special wastes in water and soil conservation has not been considered yet. In this regard, the present study aimed to apply three types of refinery sulfur wastes (i.e., clod, dusty, and mixed with soil) as an additive to evaluate the feasibility of inhibiting soil and water loss on a marl soil from the Marzanabad-Kandolus Region. The experiments were conducted in the Rainfall and Soil Erosion Simulation Laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University between February and July 2021. The study was conducted at a small plot scale with dimensions of 0.5×0.5×0.3 m in three replications. Three levels of one, two, and four g m-2 of any sulfur waste were applied to plots nested on a slope of 25% and subjected to a design rain with an intensity of 70 mm.h-1 and a duration of 30 min. The results showed that the total volume of runoff was significantly (P≤0.04) decreased due to the application of all three levels of sulfur wastes. The different types of sulfur wastes (i.e., clod, dust, and mixed with soil) also had a significant effect (P≤0.03) on runoff volume. Besides, the interaction between application level and type of sulfur waste was more significant (P≤0.00). The application of different levels of sulfur wastes significantly reduced (P≤0.02) soil loss. At the same time, types of sulfur wastes had a non-significant effect (P ≥ 0.06) on soil loss reduction. However, the interaction effect of level and type of sulfur wastes on soil loss reduction was significant (P ≤ 0.01) due to positive impacts of sulfur on quality and hydrologic behavior of the soil. Finally, it is concluded that the consumption of sulfur waste in each level or type is confirmed, preferentially use of 2 g m-2 of dust sulfur.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Refinery Wastes
  • Runoff Management
  • Soil Amendment
  • Soil Erosion Management
  • Waste Management

EXTENDED ABSTRACT

Introduction

Soil is the primary source of food production, as about 99% of food is produced by soil. Water erosion is one of the most critical types caused by the mutual response of climate, surface runoff, soil, topography, vegetation, land management, and conservation practices. In recent years, various studies have been conducted using natural and chemical amendments to reduce runoff and soil loss. However, the idea of using special wastes in water and soil conservation has yet to be considered in many cases. The present study aimed to apply three types of refinery sulfur wastes (i.e., clod, dusty, and mixed with soil) as an amendment to evaluate the feasibility of inhibiting soil and water loss on marl soil. In the current research, a comparative study of the impact of runoff components and soil loss in laboratory conditions was considered from the addition of refinery sulfur waste. The present research will provide the necessary platform for determining the proper form and amount of sulfur waste additive consumption in the form of pieces, dust, and with soil in controlling erosion in natural resources ecosystems.

 

Methods and Materials

In this regard, the present study aimed to apply three types of refinery sulfur wastes (i.e., clod, dusty, and mixed with soil) as an additive to evaluate the feasibility of inhibiting soil and water loss on a marl soil from the Marzanabad-Kandolus Region. The experiments were conducted in the Rainfall and Soil Erosion Simulation Laboratory of Tarbiat Modares University between February and July 2021. The study was conducted at a small plot scale with dimensions of 0.5×0.5×0.3 m in three replications. Three levels of one, two, and four g m-2 of any sulfur waste were applied to plots nested on a slope of 25% and subjected to a design rain with an intensity of 70 mm h-1 and a duration of 30 min.

 

Results and Discussion

The results showed that the total runoff volume was significantly (P≤0.04) decreased due to applying all three levels of sulfur waste. The different types of sulfur wastes (i.e., clod, dust, and mixed with soil) also had a significant effect (P≤0.03) on runoff volume. Besides, the interaction between application level and type of sulfur waste was more significant (P≤0.00). Applying different levels of sulfur waste significantly reduced soil loss (P≤0.02). At the same time, types of sulfur wastes had a non-significant effect (P ≥ 0.06) on soil loss reduction. However, the interaction effect of the level and type of sulfur wastes on soil loss reduction was significant (P ≤ 0.01) due to the positive impacts of sulfur on the quality and hydrologic behavior of the soil.

 

Conclusions

The successful results of the present research confirmed the use of the studied sulfur wastes in reducing runoff and soil loss. Based on this, the consumption of refinery sulfur wastes as a surface additive in the conservation of water and soil resources is suggested due to the extent of marls in the country and its easy use through aerial spraying or other machinery. Finally, it is concluded that the consumption of sulfur waste in each level or type is confirmed, preferentially use of 2 g m-2 of dust sulfur.

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