استفاده از لاتکس نانوکامپوزیت پلیمری بر پایه نشاسته برای پوشش‌دهی کودهای شیمیایی و بررسی اثر عوامل مختلف در کنترل رهاسازی عناصرغذایی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران

2 عضو هیئت علمی، بخش نانوتکنولوژی، پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

در این پژوهش از یک رویکرد جدید برای کاهش میزان حلالیت کودهای شیمیایی استفاده گردید. این پژوهش در سال 1399 در پژوهشگاه بیوتکنولوژی کرج انجام گرفت. کود اوره گرانوله و  NPK با استفاده از لاتکس نانوکامپوزیت پلیمری بر پایه نشاسته با سه فرمولاسیون متفاوت A (بدون نانوذره)، B (حاوی نانوذره) وC (لاتکس تجاری) با استفاده از دستگاه روتاری درام پوشش‌دهی شدند و اثر عوامل مختلف مانند دما، تعداد لایه‌های پوششی و اندازه ذرات بر میزان رهاسازی عناصرغذایی مورد بررسی قرار گرفتند. نتایج حاصل از آنالیز میکروسکوپ الکترونی گسیل میدانی نشان داد که نانوکامپوزیت پلیمری بر پایه نشاسته به صورت یک پوشش کاملاً یکنواخت و صاف سطح اوره گرانوله را پوشانده است. کودهای پوشش‌داده شده با فرمولاسیونB  (حاوی نانوذرات) عملکرد بهتری داشتند. بنابراین حضور نانوذرات در ساختار پوشش پلیمری با بهبود خواص پوششی، رهاسازی عناصرغذایی را کنترل می‌کند. بعد از گذشت 120 دقیقه میزان رهاسازی اوره از سه فرمولاسیون A، B و C به ترتیب 3/63، 41/48 و 85/66 درصد برآورد گردید که تفاوت معنی‌داری با هم داشتند. علاوه بر این نتایج نشان داد که با افزایش تعداد لایه پوششی زمان رهاسازی اوره و فسفر افزایش می‌یابد در حالیکه رهاسازی پتاسیم با افزایش لایه پوششی روند مشخصی نداشت و غیرقابل پیش بینی بود. با افزایش دما میزان رهاسازی اوره افزایش یافت. بررسی اثر اندازه ذرات بر رهاسازی اوره نشان داد که دانه‌های گرانوله  پوشش‌داده شده بزرگتر از ۲ میلی‌متر میزان رهاسازی کمتری نسبت به دانه‌های گرانوله کوچکتر از 2 میلی‌متر داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

The use of starch-based polymer nanocomposite latex for coating chemical fertilizers and investigating various factors releasing nutrients

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehri Salimi 1
  • Elaheh Motamedi 2
  • Babak Motesharezadeh 3
1 Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
2 Nanotechnology Department, Agricultural Biotechnology Research Institute of Iran
3 Department of Soil Science College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran
چکیده [English]

 
In this study, a new approach was used to reduce the solubility of chemical fertilizers. This research was conducted in Karaj Biotechnology Research Institute in 2020. Granular urea and fertilizers were coated with starch-based polymer nanocomposite latex with three different formulations A (without nanoparticle), B (containing nanoparticle), and C (commercial latex) using a rotary drum machine. The effects of different factors such as temperature, number of coating layers and particle size on the release rate of nutrients were investigated. The results of the field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) analysis showed that the starch-based polymer nanocomposite formed a completely uniform and smooth coating film on the surface of urea granules. Fertilizers coated with formulation B (containing nanoparticles) showed higher efficiency. Therefore, the presence of natural char nanoparticles in the structure of the polymer coating controlled the release rate of nutrients by improving the coating properties. After 120 min, the release rate of urea from three formulations A, B and C was estimated to be 63.3, 48.41 and 66.85%, respectively which were significantly different from each other. In addition, the results showed that with increasing the number of coating layer, the release time of urea and phosphorus was increased while the release of potassium did not show a definite trend with increasing the coating layer and was unpredictable. With increasing temperature urea release was increased. Investigation of the effect of particle size on urea release showed that coated granules larger than 2 mm had less release rate than granules smaller than 2 mm.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • nanobiochar
  • NPK
  • polymer nanocomposite latex
  • Starch
  • Urea

مراجع

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 12
اسفند 1401
صفحه 2905-2919

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