ارزیابی سناریوهای کاهش مصرف آب در سطح مزرعه با استفاده از مدل‌سازی عملکرد محصول (مطالعه موردی دشت میاندوآب)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی و گروه پژوهشی محیط زیست، پژوهشکده مطالعات دریاچه ارومیه، دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

3 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ارومیه، ارومیه، ایران.

4 بخش تحقیقات فنی و مهندسی کشاورزی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان آذربایجان غربی، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج

چکیده

صرفه‌‌جویی، بهینه‌‌سازی مصرف آب، ارتقای شاخص‌‌های بهره‌‌وری و راندمان‌ها در بخش کشاورزی امری مهم و ضروری است. منطقه میاندوآب به-عنوان الگوی کاهش مصرف جهت حفظ آب واقعی برای احیاء دریاچه ارومیه از اهمیت خاصی برخوردار است. این تحقیق با هدف ارزیابی سناریوهای کاهش مصرف آب در سطح مزرعه با مدل گیاهی AquaCrop در منطقه میاندوآب انجام گرفت. برای این منظور از اطلاعات مزارع مربوط به پروژه کشاورزی پایدار طرح حفاظت از تالاب‌‌های ایران در منطقه میاندوآب استفاده شد. اطلاعات سال اول (سال زراعی 96-1395) برای واسنجی مدل و سال دوم (سال زراعی 97-1396) برای صحت‌‌سنجی مدل به‌کارگرفته شد. ارزیابی شاخص‌‌های آماری نشان از دقت و توانایی بالای مدل در شبیه‌‌سازی عملکرد دانه دارد. پس از واسنجی و صحت‌‌سنجی مدل، سناریوهای برنامه‌‌ریزی آبیاری در قالب تغییر عمق آبیاری به میزان 10، 20 و 30 درصد کاهش برای شرایط سال دوم مورد تحلیل و ارزیابی قرار گرفت. مقادیر شاخص‌‌های بهره‌‌وری آب با استفاده از اجزای بیلان و عملکرد شبیه‌سازی‌شده توسط مدل برای هر یک از مزارع محاسبه گردید. نتایج اندازه‌‌گیری‌‌های مزرعه در سال 97-96 نشان داد که در شرایط موجود متوسط میزان آب آبیاری و آب کاربردی برای گندم به ترتیب 4/405 و 4/580 میلی‌‌متر، متوسط عملکرد دانه 8340 کیلوگرم در هکتار، بهره‌‌وری آب آبیاری و آب کاربردی به ترتیب 27/2 و 52/1 کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب است. همچنین نتایج حاصل از بررسی سناریوهای کم آبیاری نشان داد سناریوی S3  ضمن کاهش 30 درصدی آب آبیاری می‌‌تواند عملکرد محصول را حدود 10 % کاهش داده و بهره‌‌وری آب را از 53/1 به 72/1 افزایش دهد. به‌طورکلی نتایج نشان داد می‌‌توان با برنامه‌‌ریزی مناسب و دقیق آبیاری به کمک مدل AquaCrop و بهبود مدیریت زراعی، عملکرد دانه گندم و بهره‌‌وری آب را افزایش داد و موجب صرفه‌‌جویی و حفظ آب در مقیاس مزرعه شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of deficit irrigation scenarios at farm level using crop performance modeling in Midandoab plain

نویسندگان [English]

  • Leila Radfard 1
  • Behzad Hessari 2
  • Vahid Rezaverdinejad 3
  • Jamal Ahmadaali 4
1 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
2 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture and Department of Environment Research, Urmia Lake Research Institut, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
3 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran.
4 Agricultural Engineering Research Department, West Azarbaijan Agricultural and Natural Resources Research and Education Center, AREEO, Urmia, Iran.
چکیده [English]

 
Saving, optimizing water consumption, and improving productivity and efficiency indicators in agricultural sector are important and necessary. Miandoab region is of particular importance as a model of reducing consumption in order to conserve real water for the restoration of Lake Urmia. This research was conducted to evaluate water consumption reduction scenarios at the farm level using AquaCrop plant model in Miandoab region. For this purpose, the information on farms related to the sustainable agriculture project of Iran's Wetlands Protection Plan in Miandoab region was used. The data from the first year (the crop year 2016-2017) and the second year (the crop year 2017-2018) were used for model calibration and validation, respectively. The evaluation of statistical indicators shows the accuracy and high ability of the model in simulating grain yield. After the calibration and validation of the model, the irrigation planning scenarios were analyzed and evaluated in the form of reducing irrigation depth by 10, 20, and 30% for the conditions of the second year. The results of field measurements in 2017-2018 showed that the average irrigation depth and the applied irrigation (Irrigation + effective precipitation) for wheat were 405.44 and 580.44 mm respectively and mean grain yield was 8340 kg/ha, then irrigation water productivity and applied irrigation productivity were 2.27 and 1.52 kg/ , respectively. Also, the results of the study of deficit irrigation scenarios showed that the S3 scenario (30% irrigation water reduction) will reduce only 10% crop yield and water productivity will increase from 1.53 to 1.72 kg/ . The values of water productivity indices were calculated using balance components and performance simulated by the model for each farm. In general, the results showed that it is possible to increase the grain yield of wheat and water productivity using AquaCrop model for proper and accurate irrigation planning and crop management improvement, in order to save and conserve water on a farm scale.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Crop yield simulation
  • Improving Water productivity
  • Field water management
  • Wheat
  • AquaCrop model

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 12
اسفند 1401
صفحه 2759-2774

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