ارزیابی رس‌های اصلاح‌شده با نانوذرات مگنتیت و اگزوپلی ساکارید باکتریایی و تاثیر آن‌ها بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های اوره‌آز، فسفاتاز و دهیدروژناز خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهید باهنر کرمان، کرمان، ایران.

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد، مشهد، ایران.

چکیده

آنزیم‌های خاک در فرایندهایی نظیر تجزیه مواد آلی، چرخه عناصر غذایی و تجزیه آلاینده‌ها نقش مهمی دارند. بنابراین حفظ فعالیت و پایداری آنزیم‌ها در خاک از اهمیت ویژه‌ای برخوردار است. این پژوهش در سال 1397 در آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه فردوسی مشهد انجام شد. در این مطالعه دو نوع رس مونتموریلونیت تغییر یافته با نانوذرات مگنتیت و اگزوپلی ساکارید تهیه شدند. خصوصیات رس‌های تهیه شده با کمک دستگاه‌های پراش اشعه ایکس و میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس تاثیر افزودن رس‌های مونتموریلونیت تغییر یافته بر فعالیت آنزیم‌های اوره‌آز، فسفاتاز و دهیدروژناز بررسی شد. آزمایش‌‌های فوق در قالب طرح پایه کاملا تصادفی با آرایش فاکتوریل شامل چهار نوع رس (مونتموریلونیت، مونتموریلونیت تغییر یافته با نانوذرات مگنتیت، مونتموریلونیت آلی شده با اگزوپلی‌ساکارید و نانوذرات مگنتیت و شاهد) در پنج زمان (1، 3، 7، 14 و 21 روز) با سه تکرار انجام شد. در تصاویر میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی بهترین تغییرات مورفولوژی مربوط به رس تغییر یافته با مجموع سورفکتانت اگزوپلی‌ساکارید و نانوذرات مگنتیت بود، سورفکتانت اگزو‌پلی‌ساکارید لایه‌های رس را بطور کامل از هم باز و تخلخل‌های فراوانی در آن ایجاد و از تجمع نانوذرات نیز جلوگیری کرد. بر اساس نتایج حاصل از آنالیز آماری میزان فعالیت آنزیم اوره‌آز با افزودن رس مونتموریلونیت به خاک 4/1 برابر، رس تغییر یافته با نانوذرات مگنتیت 5/1 برابر، رس تغییر یافته با اگزوپلی‌ساکارید و نانوذرات مگنتیت 3 برابر افزایش یافت. همچنین میزان فعالیت آنزیم فسفاتاز با افزودن رس مونتموریلونیت به خاک 1/1 برابر، رس تغییر یافته با نانوذرات مگنتیت 3/1 برابر، رس تغییر یافته با اگزوپلی‌ساکارید و نانوذرات مگنتیت 5/1 برابر افزایش نشان داد و میزان فعالیت آنزیم دهیدروژناز با اضافه کردن رس مونتموریلونیت به خاک 1/1 برابر، رس تغییر یافته با نانوذرات مگنتیت 2/1 برابر، رس تغییر یافته با اگزوپلی‌ساکارید و نانوذرات مگنتیت 3/1 برابر افزایش نشان داد. بنابراین با توجه به نتایج مشاهده شد که ایجاد تغییرات در محیط اطراف آنزیم‌ها با سورفکتانت اگزوپلی ساکارید و نانوذرات مگنتیت باعث افزایش پایداری و فعالیت آنزیم‌ها در محیط خاک در مدت زمان 21 روز انکوباسیون شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluating modified Organoclays using Magnetite Nanoparticles and Bacterial Exopolysaccharide and their Effects on Urease, Phosphatase, and Dehydrogenase Soil Enzymes

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mahboobeh Abolhasani Zeraatkar 1
  • Amir Lakzian 2
1 Department of Soil Science, Agriculture Faculty, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran.
2 Department of Soil Science, Agriculture Faculty, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil enzymes are involved in processes such as decomposition of organic matter, food chain cycle, and degradation of contaminants. Therefore, it is very important to protect activity and stability of soil enzymes. This research was conducted at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2017. In the present study, two types of organo-montmorillonites were produced by intercalating montmorillonite with magnetite nanoparticles and with an exopolysaccharide. The properties of the produced organoclays were studied using XRD and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Effects of application of organo-montmorillonites to the soil on activities of urease, phosphatase, and dehydrogenase were investigated. The experiments were carried out using the completely randomized design with factorial arrangement employing four clay types (montmorillonite, NMM or montmorillonite intercalated with magnetite nanoparticles, ENMM or montmorillonite intercalated with both the exopolysaccharide and magnetite nanoparticles, and the control) at five durations (1, 3, 7, 14, and 21 days) with three replications. SEM images revealed that the best morphological changes happened in ENMM. Morphology images of this organoclay showed that it had small layers with abundant pores, the exopolysaccharide surfactant completely separated the clay layers and created abundant pores thus preventing nanoparticle aggregation. Results of the statistical analysis indicated that adding MM, NMM, and ENMM to the soil increased urease activity by 1.4-, 1.5-, and 3-fold, respectively. Moreover, activity levels of phosphatase enzyme increased by 1.1-, 1.3-, and 1.5-fold when MM, NMM, and ENMM were added to the soil, respectively and dehydrogenase activity increased by 1.1-, 1.2-, and 1.3-fold when MM, NMM, and ENMM were applied to the soil, respectively. Results indicated that the change in the soil environment surrounding the enzymes with the exopolysaccharide surfactant and magnetite nanoparticles increased activity and stability of enzymes in soil during the 21-day incubation period.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • مونتموریلونیت
  • پراش اشعه ایکس
  • میکروسکوپ الکترونی روبشی

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 12
اسفند 1401
صفحه 2721-2738

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