بررسی توزیع و فراهمی فسفر در حضور ماده آلی و گوگرد عنصری به همراه باکتری تیوباسیلوس در دو خاک آهکی با بافت متفاوت

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ملایر، ملایر، ایران

چکیده

در خاک‌های آهکی غالباً کمبود فسفر وجود دارد. به منظور بررسی اثر ماده آلی و گوگرد عنصری بر فراهمی و توزیع فسفر در دو خاک آهکی با بافت (لوم‌رسی و شنی‌لومی) و غلظت آهن و آلومینیوم کل متفاوت، مطالعات انکوباسیونی به مدت دوازده هفته در آزمایشگاه خاکشناسی دانشگاه ملایر در سال 1398 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل تیمار ساده کود گوسفندی (کود آلی) (صفر و دو درصد)، گوگرد عنصری (صفر، 25/0 و 5/0 درصد) و تیمار‌های تلفیقی کود آلی و گوگرد عنصری در حضور باکتری تیوباسیلوس می‌باشد. هر هفته غلظت فسفر فراهم خاک‌های شاهد و تیمار شده و همچنین در انتهای دوره انکوباسیون، EC، pH، درصد کربنات کلسیم معادل و گچ و اجزاء معدنی فسفر اندازه‌گیری شد. در انتهای دوره انکوباسیون در هر دو خاک تیمارشده، EC و درصد گچ افزایش یافت. حضور کود آلی باعث کاهش درصد گچ و افزایش غلظت فسفر فراهم خاک‌ها شد. در خاک لومی‌رسی تیمار شده با سطوح 25/0 و 5/0 درصد گوگرد عنصری، افزودن کود آلی، باعث کاهش سرعت تغییر شکل فسفر (ضریب b معادله توانی)، به ترتیب از 226/0 به 153/0 و از 168/0 به 154/0 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در هفته و در خاک شنی‌لومی باعث افزایش، به ترتیب از 129/0 به 161/0 و از 125/0 به 184/0 میلی‌گرم بر کیلوگرم در هفته شد. در هر دو خاک، تیمارهای ساده و تلفیقی موجب افزایش جزء دی‌کلسیم فسفات و کاهش جزء اکتاکلسیم فسفات و تیمار تلفیقی موجب کاهش جزء آپاتیت شد. در خاک شنی‌لومی، تیمارهای ساده و تلفیقی باعث افزایش جزء فسفات آلومینیوم شد. نتایج نشان داد در هر دو خاک، تیمار تلفیقی کود آلی با 25/0 درصد گوگرد عنصری موجب افزایش فراهمی فسفر شد و با وجود تثبیت فسفر در خاک شنی لومی، به دلیل آهن و آلومینیوم کل زیاد، ماده آلی باعث افزایش فراهمی فسفر این خاک شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating phosphorus distribution and availability in presence of organic matter and elemental sulfur along with thiobacillus bacteria in two soils with different texture

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hossein Rafiee
  • Mahboubeh Zarabi
  • Shahriar Mahdavi
Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Malayer University, Malayer, Iran
چکیده [English]

Phosphorus (P) is often lacking in calcareous soils. To investigate the effect of organic matter and elemental sulfur (S) on P availability and fractions in two calcareous soil with different textures (Clay ‌loam and Loamy‌ sand) and total iron and aluminum concentrations, incubation studies were carried out for 12 weeks. This study was conducted in the soil science laboratory of Malayer University in 2019. The treatments include the simple treatment of sheep manure (organic matter=OM) (0, and 2 %), S (0, 0.25, and 0.5 %), and integrated treatment of OM and S in the presence of Thiobacillus bacteria. Every week, P concentration in control and treated soils was measured. At the end of incubation period, EC, pH, ECC percentage, gypsum percentage, and inorganic P fractions in control and treated soils were measured, too. At the end of the incubation period, EC and gypsum percentage increased in both treated soils. The presence of OM decreased the gypsum in soils and increased P concentration in the soils. In Clay‌ loam soil treated with 0.25, and 0.5 percent of S, adding OM decreases the rate of P transformation, from 0.226 to 0.153 and from 0.168 to 0.154 mg kg-1 week-1, respectively and in Loamy‌ sand soil caused an increase from 0.129 to 0.161 and from 0.125 to 0.184 mg kg-1 week-1, respectively. In both soils, simple and integrated treatments increased the dicalcium phosphate fraction and decreased the octacalcium phosphate fraction, and the apatite fraction decreased in integrated treatments. In Loamy ‌sand soil, simple and integrated treatments increased the aluminum phosphate fraction. The results showed that integrated treatment of OM with 0.25% of S in both soils increased the P availability, and despite the fixation of P in Loamy ‌sand soil, due to high total iron and aluminum content, OM increased the P availability in Loamy ‌sand soil.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Calcareous soil
  • Elemental sulfur
  • Gypsum
  • Organic matter
  • Phosphorus availability
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