ارزیابی گیاه پالایی سرب توسط گونه‌های فلزدوست و غیر فلزدوست شب‌بو (Matthiola spp)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زیست‌شناسی،دانشکده علوم ، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 گروه زیست شناسی،دانشکده علوم - اصفهان- ایران

چکیده

 
سرب (Pb) یکی از فلزات سنگین غیرضروری و سمی برای گیاهان محسوب شده که قسمت عمده آلودگی ناشی از آن، حاصل استخراج از معادن، فعالیت­های صنعتی و استفاده از سوخت­های فسیلی است. برخی از گیاهان فلزدوست که اغلب از خانواده کلم هستند قادرند در خاک­های آلوده به فلزات سنگین رشد کنند. هدف از این مطالعه ارزیابی مقاومت و انباشت سرب گونه­ی فلزدوست شب­بو (Matthiola flavida) جمع آوری شده از اطراف معدن سرب و روی ایرانکوه اصفهان است که با گونه غیرفلزدوست (Matthiola incana) آن برای گیاه­پایی مقایسه شده است. گیاهان غیرفلزدوست و فلزدوست شب­بو به محیط­های هیدروپونیک منتقل شدند و پس از رشد رویشی مناسب به‌مدت 14 روز در معرض تیمارهای صفر، 10، 50، 100، 150 میلی­گرم در لیتر سرب قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد با افزایش غلظت سرب رشد هر دو گونه کاهش یافت ولی همواره این کاهش رشد در گونه غیرفلزدوست بیشتر بود به­طوری­که در بالاترین سطح تنش، وزن خشک اندام­های هوایی و ریشه گونه فلزدوست نسبت به گروه شاهد به­ترتیب کاهش 1/7 و 8/28 درصدی داشت اما در گونه غیرفلزدوست این کاهش 9/69 و 8/60 درصدی بود. با افزایش غلظت سرب در محیط میزان سرب در ریشه هر دوگونه افزایش یافت اما میزان سرب در ریشه و انتقال آن به اندام­های هوایی گونه فلزدوست نسبت به گونه غیرفلزدوست در پایین­ترین سطح تنش، بیش از 4 برابر بود که با افزایش غلظت سرب کاهش یافت. بنابراین مکانیسم­های سازگاری گونه فلزدوست، توانایی کنترل انتقال سرب به اندام­های هوایی در غلظت­های مختلف است که آن را برای رویش درمناطق آلوده به سرب مناسب کرده است.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of the phytoremidation of lead in the metallicolous and non- metallicolous species Matthiola.

نویسندگان [English]

  • Behrooz Salehi-Eskandari 1
  • Mina Shahbazi Gahrouei 2
1 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science , Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Isfahan, Isfahan , Iran
چکیده [English]

Lead is one of the most abundant and toxic heavy metals which can have lethal effects on plants. The Pb contamination is produced by mining, industrial, activities and fossil fuel burning. Some metallophytes plants belong to Brassicaceae family are able to grow in soils contaminated with heavy metals. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the resistance and lead accumulation of the metallicolous species Matthiola flavida collected from the vicinity of the Irankouh Pb/Zn mine in Isfahan, Iran, which is compared with its non- metallicolous species Matthiola incana to used Pb phytoremediation. Non-metallicolous (Matthiola incana) and metallicolous plants (Matthiola flavida) were transferred to hydroponic mediums and after proper vegetative growth, they were exposed to 0, 10, 50, 100, 150 mg/L treatments of lead for 14 days. The results showed by increasing lead concentration, the growth of both species significantly decreased, but this reduction in growth was always greater in the non-metallicolous species, so that at the highest stress level, the dry weight of shoots and roots decreased in the metallicolous to %7.1 and % 28.8, but in the non-metallicolous to %69.9 and %60.8 in comparison with their control, respectively. With increasing the concentration of Pb in the medium, the accumulation of lead in the roots of both species are enhanced, but Pb concentration in the roots and translocation factor of the metallicolous species compared to the non-metallicolous species was more than 4-folds at the lowest stress level, which decreased with increasing lead concentration. Then, the compatible mechanisms of the metallicolous species have the ability to control the transfer of lead to the shoot in different concentrations, which makes it suitable for growing in lead-contaminated areas.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • accumulation
  • Brassicaceae
  • growth
  • heavy metals
  • Pb
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