تعیین نیاز آبی و آب کاربردی فلفل‌دلمه‌ای در گلخانه و مقایسه آن با نتایج سامانه نیاز آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشجوی دکتری گروه مهندسی آبیاری و آبادانی، دانشکده مهندسی و فناوری کشاورزی، پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران، کرج، ایران.

2 استادیار، بخش آبیاری و فیزیک خاک، موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران

3 دانشیار، بخش تحقیقات آبیاری و فیزیک خاک، مؤسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران.

چکیده

یکی از اهداف مهم توسعه گلخانه‌ها در کشور ارتقای بهره‌وری تولید و بالابردن بهره‌وری آب و کود است. فلفل‌دلمه‌ای نیز از مهم‌ترین محصولات گلخانه‌ای در سراسر جهان بوده و دارای ارزش اقتصادی بالایی است. این پژوهش به‌منظور ارائه برنامه‌ریزی آبیاری و کودآبیاری برای فلفل گلخانه‌ای از طریق پایش رطوبت و شوری خاک ناحیه ریشه، در سال ۱۴۰۰ در استان البرز شهرستان چهارباغ انجام شد. برای این منظور سه تیمار آبیاری I1، I2 و I3 (۱۰۰، ۸۰ و ۶۰ درصد نیاز آبی گیاه) و سه تیمار کودآبیاری F1، F2 و F3 (۱۵۰، ۱۰۰ و ۵۰ درصد نیاز کودی گیاه) در قالب طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی در سه تکرار انجام شد. مجموع آبیاری اندازه‌گیری شده برای تیمارهای I1، I2 و I3 به ترتیب برابر ۳۹۷، ۳۱۸ و ۲۳۸ میلیمتر بود. مقادیر نیاز آبیاری شبیه‌سازی‌شده توسط سامانه نیاز آبیاری گیاهان زراعی و باغی با مقادیر اندازه‌گیری شده مورد مقایسه قرار گرفت و شاخص‌های آماری RMSE، NRMSE، MBE، D و EF به ترتیب برابر ۵۵/۳۸، ۲۱/۰، ۱/۲۱-، ۹۹/۰ و ۹۵/۰ به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد تأثیر تیمار آبیاری، کودآبیاری و اثر متقابل آنها بر عملکرد فلفل گلخانه‌ای معنادار بود. حداکثر عملکرد فلفل در تیمار I1F1 برابر ۳۸/۱۱۴ تن بر هکتار و حداقل آن در تیمار I3F1 برابر ۹۶/۴۰ تن بر هکتار به دست آمد. همچنین حداکثر بهره‌وری آب در تیمار I2F2 برابر ۰۵/۳۱ کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب و حداقل آن در تیمار I3F1 برابر ۱۹/۱۷ کیلوگرم بر مترمکعب رخ داد. گرچه بهترین عملکرد در تیمار I1F1 به دست آمد؛ اما بهترین بهره‌وری آب در تیمار I2F2 حاصل شد و عملکرد محصول در این دو تیمار تفاوت معناداری نداشت. نتیجه‌گیری کلی نشان می‌دهد که کم آبیاری ۲۰ درصد با پایش رطوبت ناحیه ریشه در تولید فلفل گلخانه‌ای توصیه می‌شود اما مصرف کود باید با پایش شوری ناحیه ریشه کنترل شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Determining the Water Requirement and Applied Water of Bell Pepper in the Greenhouse and Comparing It with the Results of the Water Requirement System

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mohammad Saeed Jafari najafabadi 1
  • Arash Tafteh 2
  • Niazali Ebrahimipak 3
1 *. PhD candidate, Department of Irrigation and Reclamation Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj, Iran.
2 Assistant professor, Department of irrigation and soil physics, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran
3 Associated professor of Department of Irrigation and soil physics, Soil and Water Research Institute, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Karaj, Iran.
چکیده [English]

One of the important goals of the development of greenhouses in the country is to improve production efficiency and increase water and fertilizer efficiency. Bell pepper is also one of the most important greenhouse products around the world and has a high economic value. This research was carried out to provide irrigation and fert fertigation scheduling for greenhouse peppers through monitoring soil moisture and salinity in the root zone in 1400 in Alborz province, Chaharbagh city. The treatments include three irrigation treatments I1, I2 and I3 (100, 80 and 60% of the plant's water requirement) and three fertigation treatments F1, F2 and F3 (150, 100 and 50% of the plant's fertilizer requirement, respectively) in the form of a randomized complete block design in three replications. The total amount of irrigation measured for treatments I1, I2 and I3 was 397, 318 and 238 mm, respectively. The irrigation requirement values simulated by the irrigation requirement system of agricultural and garden plants were compared with the measured values, and the statistical indices RMSE, NRMSE, MBE, d and EF were calculated to be 38.55, 0.21, and -21.1, 0.99 and 0.95 respectively. The results showed that the effect of irrigation, fertigation and their mutual effect on the yield of greenhouse pepper was significant. The maximum yield of pepper in the I1F1 treatment was 114.38 tons/ha and the minimum in the I3F1 treatment was 40.96 tons/ha. Also, the maximum water productivity in the I2F2 treatment was 31.05 kg/m3 and the minimum in the I3F1 treatment was 17.19 kg/m3. Although the maximum yield was obtained in the I1F1 treatment, the maximum water productivity was obtained in the I2F2 treatment, and the product yield was not significantly different in these two treatments. The general conclusion shows that 20% deficit irrigation is recommended by monitoring the moisture of the root zone in greenhouse pepper production, but the fertilizer should be controlled by monitoring the salinity of the root zone.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Deficit irrigation
  • Fertilizer requirement
  • Greenhouse
  • Pepper
  • Water requirement

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 8
آبان 1401
صفحه 1831-1848

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