نشان باکتری‎های گشاینده فسفات، قارچ میکوریز و منابع فسفر بر رشد و جذب فسفر نهال‎های پسته

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، کرمان، ایران

2 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، کرمان، ایران

3 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه یاسوج، یاسوج، ایران

4 عضو هیات علمی گروه علوم و مندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه ولی عصر (عج) رفسنجان، رفسنجان، کرمان، ایران

چکیده

پرکاربردترین روش برآورد نیاز فسفری گیاهان، کاربرد کود‌های شیمیایی فسفری است؛ ولی کارایی پایین، هزینه بالا و پیامدهای زیانبار زیست محیطی دارد. هنگامی‏‎که بتوان با بهره‌گیری از باکتری‌های گشاینده فسفر و قارچ میکوریز فراهمی منابع فسفر را افزایش داد، غلظت فسفر و پارامترهای رشد گیاه نیز ممکن است افزایش یافته و تحول بزرگی در تغذیه فسفری گیاهان ایجاد نماید. هدف پژوهش کنونی، بررسی امکان بهره‌گیری از سویه‌های برتر باکتری‌های گشاینده فسفات جداسازی شده از ریزوسفر درختان پسته، قارچ میکوریز و منابع فسفاته بر رشد و جذب فسفر نهال‎های پسته در شرایط گلخانه‎ای بود. آزمایش به‎گونه فاکتوریل در قالب طرح کاملا تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال 1398 انجام شد. تیمارها شامل چهار منبع فسفر (شاهد، منو‎کلسیم فسفات، تری‎کلسیم فسفات، خاک فسفات)، چهار سطح باکتری (شاهد،  Serratia odorifera،Pseudomonas fluorescens و Pseudomonas brassicacearum) و دو سطح قارچ میکوریز (شاهد و قارچ میکوریز شامل ترکیب  Funneliformis mosseae، Rhizophagus intradices، Rhizophagus irregularis و Glomus caledonium) بود. تجزیه واریانس داده‌ها برهمکنش باکتری‌های گشاینده فسفر، منابع فسفاتی و قارچ میکوریز بر شاخص‌های رویشی پسته را معنی‌دار نشان داد. هر سه جدایه باکتری پیامدهای مثبتی در افزایش شاخص‎های رویشی داشتند. همچنین مایه‎زنی قارچ میکوریز همراه با مایه‎زنی باکتری افزایش معنی‌دار 44 درصدی وزن خشک ریشه را نشان داد. بیشترین نسبت اندام هوایی به ریشه با کاربرد خاک فسفات و تری‎کلسیم فسفات دیده شد که نسبت به شاهد به‎ترتیب 19 و 37 درصد افزایش یافت. مایه‎زنی نهال‎های پسته با قارچ میکوریز غلظت فسفر ریشه، ساقه و برگ را به‎ترتیب 90، 104 و 122 درصد افزایش داد. بنابراین باکتری‌های گشاینده فسفات به‎ویژه سودوموناس‎ها و قارچ میکوریز نقش بسزایی در افزایش کارایی کود فسفر مورد استفاده و کاهش مصرف کود، افزایش رشد و جذب فسفر نهال‎های پسته را داشتند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria, Mycorrhizae and Phosphorus Sources on the Growth and Phosphorus Uptake of Pistachio Seedlings

نویسندگان [English]

  • ghazaleh sadat Zorriyeh 1
  • Ahmad Tajabadi Pour 2
  • ebrahim adhami 3
  • Payman Abbaszade dahaji 4
1 department of soil science and engineering college of agriculture Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan Kerman Iran
2 department of soil science and engineering college of agriculture Vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan Kerman Iran
3 Department of soil science College of agriculture Yasouj University
4 Department of soil science and engineering college of agriculture vali-e-Asr University of Rafsanjan Rafsanjan Kerman Iran
چکیده [English]

The most common method to supply phosphorus for plants is the use of phosphate chemical fertilizers that have low efficiency, high cost and harmful environmental effects. If the availability of phosphorus can be increased by using phosphorus-soluble bacteria and mycorrhiza, the phosphorus concentration and plant growth parameters may also increase and make a major change in the phosphorus nutrition of plants. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibility of using superior strains of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria isolated from rhizosphere of pistachio trees, mycorrhiza and phosphate sources on the growth and phosphorus uptake of pistachio seedlings in greenhouse conditions. The experiment was performed as a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design with three replications in 2019. Treatments included four sources of phosphorus (control, monocalcium phosphate, tricalcium phosphate, and soil phosphate), four levels of bacteria (control, Serratia odorifera, Pseudomonas fluorescens and Pseudomonas brassicacearum) and two levels of mycorrhiza (control and mycorrhiza (Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus intradices, Rhizophagus irregularis and Glomus caledonium)). Analysis of variance of the data showed significant interactions between phosphorus-soluble bacteria, phosphate sources and mycorrhiza on pistachio growth indices. All three bacterial isolates had positive effects on increasing vegetative indices. Also, mycorrhiza inoculation along with bacterial inoculation showed a significant increase of 44% in root dry weight. The highest shoot to root ratio was observed with application of soil phosphate and tricalcium phosphate which increased by 19% and 37% compared to control respectively. Inoculation of pistachio seedlings by mycorrhiza increased root, stem and leaf P concentration by 90%, 104% and 122% respectively. Therefore, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria especially Pseudomonas SP and mycorrhizal fungi played an important role in increasing the efficiency of phosphorus fertilizers and reducing fertilizer use, increasing growth and phosphorus uptake of pistachio seedlings.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pistachio
  • Phosphorus
  • Ceratia
  • Pseudomonas
  • mycorrhiza
Abou-el-Seoud, I. I. & Abdel-Megeed, A. (2012). Impact of rock materials and biofertilizations on P and K availability for maize (Zea maize) under calcareous soil conditions. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 19(1), 55-63.
Adnan, M., Fahad, S., Zamin, M., Shah, S., Mian, I. A., Danish, S. & Datta, R. (2020). Coupling phosphate-solubilizing bacteria with phosphorus supplements improve maize phosphorus acquisition and growth under lime induced salinity stress. Plants, 9(7), 900-917.
Afzal, A. & Bano, A. (2008). Rhizobium and phosphate solubilizing bacteria improve the yield and phosphorus uptake in wheat (Triticum aestivum). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 10(1), 1560-1566.
Ahmed, W., Jing, H., Kailou, L., Ali, S., Tianfu, H., Geng, S.,  Jin, C., Qaswar, M., Jiangxue, D., Mahmood, S., Maitlo, A. A., Khan, Z. H., Zhang, H. & Chen, D. Y. (2021). Impacts of long-term inorganic and organic fertilization on phosphorus adsorption and desorption characteristics in red paddies in Southern China. Plos One, 16 (1): e0246428. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone. 0246428.
Appanna, V. (2007). Efficacy of phosphate solubilizing bacteria isolated from vertisols on growth and yield parameters of sorghum. Research Journal of Microbiology, 2(7): 550-559.
Aslantaş, R., Cakmakçi, R. & Şahin, F. (2007). Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on young apple tree growth and fruit yield under orchard conditions. Scientia Horticulturae, 111(4), 371-377.
Azarmi-Atajan, F. & Sayyari-Zahan, M. H. (2019). The role of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and phosphate fertilizers on some growth parameters and phosphorus content in pistachio seedlings. 16th Iranian Soil Science cogress. -27-29 August, Zanjan, Iran (In Persian).
Bagheri, V., Shamshiri, M. H.,  Shirani, H. & Roosta, H. (2008). Effect of arbuscular mycorrhizae and drought stress on growth indexes, water relations and proline as well as soluble carbohydrate content in pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) rootstock seedlings. Iranian Journal of Horticultural Science. 4 (42),365-377. (In Persian).
Bargaz, A., Elhaissoufi, W., Khourchi, S., Benmrid, B., Borden, K. A. & Rchiad, Z. (2021). Benefits of phosphate solubilizing bacteria on belowground crop performance for improved crop acquisition of phosphorus. Microbiological Research, 252, 126842.
Billah, M., Khan, M., Bano, A., Hassan, T. U., Munir, A. & Gurmani, A. R. (2019). Phosphorus and phosphate solubilizing bacteria: Keys for sustainable agriculture. Geomicrobiology Journal, 36(10), 904-916.
Çakmakçi, R., Dönmez, F., Aydın, A., & Şahin, F. (2006). Growth promotion of plants by plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria under greenhouse and two different field soil conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 38(6), 1482-1487.
Du, J., Liu, K., Huang, J., Han, T., Zhang, L., Anthonio, C. K., Shah, A., Khan, M. N., Qaswar, M., Abbas, M., Huang, Q., Xu, Y. & Zhang, H. (2022). Organic carbon distribution and soil aggregate stability in response to long-term phosphorus addition in different land-use types. Soil and Tillage Research, 215, 105195.
Elhaissoufi, W., Ghoulam, C., Barakat, A., Zeroual, Y. & Bargaz, A. (2021). Phosphate bacterial solubilization: a key rhizosphere driving force enabling higher P use efficiency and crop productivity. Journal of Advanced Research,38, 13-28.
Emami, S., Alikhani, H. A., Pourbabaee, A. A., Etesami, H., Motasharezadeh, B.& Sarmadian, F. (2020). Consortium of endophyte and rhizosphere phosphate solubilizing bacteria improves phosphorous use efficiency in wheat cultivars in phosphorus deficient soils. Rhizosphere, 14, 100196.
Fattahi, M., Mohammadkhani, A., Shiran, B., Baninasab, B. & Ravash, R. (2020). Influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi symbiosis with different pistachio rootstocks in salinity stress. Journal of Plant Process and Function, 9(38), 309-326. (In Persian).
Food & Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), (2018). Statistical Book.www.fao.org.
Fischer, S. E., Fischer, S. I., Magris, S. & Mori, G. B. (2007). Isolation and characterization of bacteria from the rhizosphere of wheat. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 23(7), 895-903.
Glick, B. R., Cheng, Z., Czarny, J. & Duan, J. (2007). Promotion of plant growth by ACC deaminase-producing soil bacteria. European Journal of Plant Pathology,119, 329-339.
Goharrizi, K. J., Baghizadeh, A., Kalantar, M. & Fatehi, F. (2020). Combined effects of salinity and drought on physiological and biochemical characteristics of pistachio rootstocks. Scientia Horticulturae, 261, 108970.
Grant, C. A., Peterson, G. A. & Campbell, C. A. (2002). Nutrient considerations for diversified cropping systems in the northern Great Plains. Agronomy Journal, 94(2), 186-198.
Hasani, G., Akhgar A. R. & Tajabadipour, A. (2012). Effectiveness of IAA and ACC-deaminase producing fluorescent Pseudomonads on growth of pistachio seedlings. Irainian Journal of Soil Research, 26,(1 ), 89-97 (In Persian).
Hosseini Fard, S. J., Basirat, M., Sedaghati, N. & Akhiani, A. (2017). Guidelines for integrated management of soil fertility and plant nutrition in pistachio trees. Research, Education and Promotion Organization of the Ministry of Agricultural Jihad, Tehran, Iran (In Persian).
James, B., Rodel, D., Lorettu, U., Reynaldo, E. & Tariq, H. (2008). Effect of vesicular arbescular mycorrhiza (VAM) fungi inoculation on coppicing ability and drought resistance of Senna spectabilis. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(5), 2217-2224.
Javadi Nezhad, S., Abbaspour, A., Asghari, H. R. & Mirzaei Moghadam, H. (2019) Effects of Triple superphosphate application and biofertilizer on  uptake of some nutrients and vegetative  properties of pistachio seedlings. Pistachio Science and Technology,3 (6),41-56. (In Persian).
Javadi Nezhad, S.) 2016).Effects of inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi and phosphate-solubilizing bacteria on seedling growth of pistacia. MS Thesis,  Department of Water and Soil, College of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology.
Jazaeri, M. S., Akhgar A. R. & Sarcheshmehpour, M. (2015). Comparison of the native phosphate rock and imported triple superphosphate treated with sulfur and Thiobacillus in transferring lead and cadmium into pistachio seed. Electronic Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 5(3), 25-44. (In Persian).
Jilani, G., Zhang, D., Chaudhry, A. N., Iqbal, Z., Ikram, M. & Bashir, M. (2021). Role of phosphate-solubilising microorganisms in agricultural development. In Plant Growth-Promoting Microbes for Sustainable Biotic and Abiotic Stress Management (pp. 463-483). Springer, Cham.
Khan, H., Akbar, W. A., Shah, Z., Rahim, H. U., Taj, A. & Alatalo, J. M. (2022). Coupling phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) with inorganic phosphorus fertilizer improves mungbean (Vigna radiata) phosphorus acquisition, nitrogen fixation, and yield in alkaline-calcareous soil. Heliyon, 8(3), e09081.
Khorramdel, S., Kouchaki. A., Nasiri Mahallati, M. & Ghorbani, R. (2010). The effect of biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of black seed medicinal plant. Iranian Agricultural Research, 8(5), 768-776 .(In Persian).
Khosravi, V., Akhgar. A., & Abbaszadeh Dahaji, P. (2019). The Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and vermicompost on growth and chemical composition of pistachio seedlings (Pistacia vera). Pistachio Science and Technology, 3(6), 1-13. (In Persian).
Kucey, R. M. N., Janzen, H. H. & Leggett, M. E. (1989). Microbially mediated increases in plant-available phosphorus. Advances in Agronomy, 42, 199-228.
Li, Y., Li, Q., Guan, G. & Chen, S. (2020). Phosphate solubilizing bacteria stimulate wheat rhizosphere and endosphere biological nitrogen fixation by improving phosphorus content. PeerJ, 8, e9062.
Lun, F., Liu, J., Ciais, P., Nesme, T., Chang, J., Wang, R., Goll, D., Sardanas, J., Penuelas, J. & Obersteiner, M. (2018). Global and regional phosphorus budgets in agricultural systems and their implications for phosphorus-use efficiency. Earth System Science Data, 10(1), 1-18.
Malakouti, M. J., Keshavarz, P.  & Karimian, N. A. )2008 (. A comprehensive method of diagnosing and recommending optimal fertilizers for sustainable agriculture. Tarbiat Modares Publishing House, Tehran, Iran. (In Persian).
Moradi, S. H. & Sarikhani, M. R. (2016). Comparison of phosphate dissolution from phosphate rock and tricalcium phosphate sources by some phosphate solubilizing bacteria. The Second National Congress on the Development of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran. https://civilica.com/doc/512899/. (In Persian).
Nikmehr,.S , & Akhgar A. R. (2015). The effect of combined application of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and phosphorus fertilizer on growth and yield sesame. Journal of Water and Soil,. 29 (4), 991-1003.  (In Persian).
Noroozi, H., Tajabadi Pour, A.,  Akhgar, A. R.,  Mozaffari, V. & Adhami, E. (2010). Effects of residual phosphorus and phosphate solubilizing bacteria inoculation on growth and phosphorus uptake of pistachio seedlings. 4th international symposium on phosphorus dynamics in the soil- plant- continuum (ISPDSPC). Beijing, China.
Olsen, S.R. & Sommers, L.E. (1982). Phosphorus, pp. 403-430. In: Klute, A. (eds.). Methods of soil analysis: chemical and microbiological properties, part2. 2nd edition, Agronomy, Monogr. No. 9, ASA and SSSA, Madison, WI.
Pathan, S. I., Větrovský, T., Giagnoni, L., Datta, R., Baldrian, P., Nannipieri, P. & Renella, G. (2018). Microbial expression profiles in the rhizosphere of two maize lines differing in N use efficiency. Plant and Soil, 433(1), 401-413.
Penn, C. J. & Camberato, J. J. (2019). A critical review on soil chemical processes that control how soil pH affects phosphorus availability to plants. Agriculture, 9(6), 120-137.
Qaswar, M., Ahmes, W., Huang, J., Liu, K. L., Zhang, L., Han, T. F., Du, J. X., Ali, S., Ur-Rahim, H., Huang, Q. H. and Zhang, H. M. (2022). Interaction of soil microbial communities and phosphorus fractions under long-term fertilization in paddy soil. Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 21(7), 2134-2144.
Qureshi, M. A., Ahmad, Z. A., Akhtar, N., Iqbal, A., Mujeeb, F., & Shakir, M. A. (2012). Role of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) in enhancing P availability and promoting cotton growth. Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 22(1), 204-210.
Rejali, F. (2009). Investigation of the effect of different species of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi on mineral uptake high consumption and low consumption in wheat. Final report of the research plan of the Soil and Water Research Institute. No. 1446. (In Persian).
Sadr, S., Mozafari, V., Shirani, H., Alaei, H. & Tajabadi Pour, A. (2019). Selection of the most important features affecting pistachio endocarp lesion problem using artificial intelligence techniques. Scientia Horticulturae, 246, 797-804.
Salehi, M. H. & Hosseinifard, J. (2012). Soil and groundwater relationships with pistachio yield in the Rafsanjan area, Iran. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 43(4), 660-671.
Sarcheshmepour, M., Besharati, H. & Savaghebi, G. (2015). Increasing the efficiency of rock phosphate by some indigenous microorganisms of pistachio orchards to improve growth and nutrition of pistachio seedlings under salt stress. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 29(3), 371-381 (In Persian).
Selvaraj, T. H. & Chellappan, P. (2006). Arbuscular mycorrhizae: A diverse personality. Journal of Central European Agriculture, 7, 349-358.
Shahriaripour, R. (2018). Identifying the most important factors affecting the buffering capacity of phosphorus in pistachio cultivated lands of Sirjan region using the decision tree. PhD dissertation, Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Vali-e-Asr University, Rafsanjan. .(In Persian).
Song, H. (2005). Effects of VAM on host plant in the condition of drought stress & its mechanisms. Electronic Journal of Biology, 1(3), 44-48.
Stefan, M., Munteanu, N., Stoleru, V., Mihasan, M. & Hritcu, L. (2013). Seed inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria enhances photosynthesis and yield of runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 151, 22-29.
Tajabadi Pour, A., Sepaskhah, A. R., Maftoun, M. 2005. Plant water relations and seedling growth of three pistachio cultivars as influenced by irrigation frequency and applied potassium. Journal of Plant Nutrition. 28(8): 1413–1425.
Yu, X., Liu, X., Zhu, T. H., Liu, G. H., & Mao, C. (2012). Co-inoculation with phosphate-solubilzing and nitrogen-fixing bacteria on solubilization of rock phosphate and their effect on growth promotion and nutrient uptake by walnut. European Journal of Soil Biology, 50, 112-117.
Zahir, Z. A., Munir, A., Asghar, H. N., Shaharoona, B. & Arshad, M. (2008). Effectiveness of rhizobacteria containing ACC deaminase for growth promotion of peas (Pisum sativum) under drought conditions. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 18(5), 958-963.
Zaidi, A. & Khan, M. S. (2006). Co-inoculation effects of phosphate solubilizing microorganisms and Glomus fasciculatum on green gram-Bradyrhizobium symbiosis. Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry, 30(3), 223-230.
Zaki, M. F., Fawzy, Z. F., Ahmed, A. A. & Tantawy, A. S. (2012). Application of phosphate dissolving bacteria for improving growth and productivity of two sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) cultivars under newly reclaimed soil. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 6(3), 826-839.
Zorriyeh, G. & Adhami, E. (2017). Evaluation of the use of wheat straw residues, phosphate soil and Aspergillus niger as biofertilizer. First National Conference on Agriculture, Natural Resources and Veterinary. .Ardakan,Yazd, Iran Medicine.https://civilica.com/doc/1216944/. (In Persian)