مروری بر "نیم قرن تحقیق بر روی شوری خاک در گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه تهران "

نوع مقاله : مروری

نویسنده

د انشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک. دانشکده مهندسی و فن آوری کشاورزی . پردیس کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی .دانشگاه تهران

چکیده

مقاله حاضر حاصل مرور بیش از صد پژوهش­ بر روی شوری خاک که توسط پژوهشگران گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه تهران در پنجاه سال گذشته انجام شده است، بوده و در هفت محور اندازه‌گیری و برآورد ویژگی‌های خاک‌های شور و سدیمی، تاثیر شور و سدیمی بودن بر ویژگی‌های خاک، رابطه گیاه و شوری و سدیمی خاک، تاثیر پوشش گیاهی و پوسته­های زیستی بر شوری خاک، آبشویی و جابجایی املاح و مدلسازی آنها، تشکیل و گسترش خاک‌های شور و هشدارهای مربوط به شوری و روابط بیولوژیک در شرایط شور، گروه بندی شده است. جمع بندی این نتایج موید آن است که روشهای تجزیه خاک، مدیریت کشت و کار و نیز مدیریت پایدار خاک، رابطه بین جانداران ریز و درشت  با خاک و شرایط تغذیه­ای گیاه و حاصلخیزی خاک در شرایط شور، تفاوت عمده­ای با شرایط غیر شور دارد. همچنین معضل شوری رو به گسترش بوده و نیاز به استفاده از اراضی شور نیز اجتناب ناپذیر است. برخی دستاوردهای نوین، کاربرد موثری در استفاده از این اراضی شور دارد.  به همین دلیل لازم است یک جهت­گیری  پژوهشی به صورت هدف محور و مشخص در خصوص این معضل زیست محیطی تعریف گردد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Review on "Half a Century Research on Soil Salinity in the Department of Soil Science and Engineering, University of Tehran"

نویسنده [English]

  • Mohammad Hossein Mohammadi
Associate Professor . Department of Soil Science and Engineering. University of Tehran
چکیده [English]

In this paper, more than one hundred studies on soil salinity  which conducted  by researchers in the Department of Soil Science and Engineering, University of Tehran in the last fifty years, are reviewed  and then classified as; measuring and estimating the properties of saline and sodic soils, the effect of salinity and sodicity  on soil characteristics, the relationship between plant and soil salinity, the effect of vegetation and biological crusts on soil salinity, leaching and modeling of solute movement, genesis and development of saline soils and salinity warnings and finally,  biological relationships in saline soils. Summarizing these results reveals that the methods of soil analysis, crop management as well as sustainable soil management, the relationship between soil and micro and macroorganisms and plant nutrition and soil fertility are considerably different from non saline conditions. In addition, the salinity is developing  and the need to use the salt affected soils is inevitable. Some findings would be worthwhile in the use and management of  these soils. Subsequently it is necessary to define a comprehensive research program for saline sodic soils in Iran.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Soil salinity
  • Soil management
  • Modelling
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