بررسی نقش انواعی از پریفایتون در آزادسازی و جذب فسفر نامحلول در یک آزمایش درون شیشه‌ای

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دکتری،گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

3 گروه علوم و مهدسی خاک، دانشکدگان کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه تهران

4 رییس بخش بیولوژی موسسه تحقیقات خاک و آب

5 استادیار گروه بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه الزهرا، تهران،

چکیده

پریفایتون یک لایه زیستی است که به‌طور گسترده در زمین­های غرقابی مانند شالیزارها حضور دارد و نقش مهمی در چرخه عناصر غذایی در این اکوسیستم­ها ایفا می­کند. تاکنون، به نقش این لایه زیستی در انحلال و جذب فسفر نامحلول در شالیزارهای کشور پرداخته نشده است. این مطالعه در آزمایشگاه تحقیقاتی گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک دانشگاه تهران در سال 1399با هدف بررسی نقش پریفایتون­های رشد کرده در شالیزارهای استان گیلان در آزادسازی و جذب فسفر انجام شد. برای این منظور از 20 مزرعه شالیزاری استان گیلان از دو بخش اپی­پلون (LON) و اپی­فایتون (TON) نمونه­برداری شد. نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که حدود 68 درصد جمعیت اجزای اتوتروف در نمونه­های اپی­پلون و اپی­فایتون مربوط به دو جنس Chlorella و Chlorococcum بود. جنس­های Lyngbya، Scenedesmus، Nostoc و Navicula در رتبه­های بعدی بیشترین فراوانی قرار داشتند. نتایج انحلال فسفات نشان داد که نمونه LON 6 و 13 و TON 8 بیشترین توان انحلال فسفر را دارند. توان جذب فسفر در نمونه LON 6 و 13 نیز بسیار بالا بود و نسبت به زیست‌توده اولیه به ترتیب 1840 و 2000 درصد افزایش یافته است. این مقدار در نمونه TON 8 برابر 825 درصد بود. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که نمونه­های اپی­پلون توانایی بالاتری نسبت به نمونه­های اپی­فایتون از نظر جذب و نگهداری فسفر دارند. به طور کلی نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که پریفایتون توانایی بالایی در جذب فسفر دارد که این به کاهش هدر رفت کود مصرف شده منجر می­شود و به افزایش کارایی آن کمک شایانی می­نماید و از این جهت منجر به کاهش آلودگی غیرنقطه­ای می­شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating the role of periphyton types in the release and uptake of insoluble phosphorus in an in vitro experiment

نویسندگان [English]

  • Mehdi Beheshti 1
  • Hoseinali Alikhani 2
  • Ahmad Ali pourbabaei 3
  • Hassan Etesami 2
  • hadi asadi rahmani 4
  • Mostafa Noroozi 5
1 Department of soil science, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Karaj
2 Department of Soil Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
3 Department of Soil Science and Engineering, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Tehran
4 The head of soil biology department og soil and water research institute
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology faculty of biological sciences Alzahra University
چکیده [English]

Periphyton is a biological layer that is widely present in flood plains such as paddy fields and plays an important role in the nutrient cycle in such ecosystems. The role of this biological layer in dissolving and absorbing insoluble phosphorus in the country's paddy fields has not been recognized so far. This study was performed in the research laboratory of the department of soil science and engineering, university of Tehran in 2020 to investigate the role of periphyton grown in paddy fields of Guilan province in the release and absorption of phosphorus. For this purpose, 20 paddy fields in Guilan province were sampled from epipelon (LON) and epiphyton (TON). The results showed that about 68% of the population of autotrophic components in epipelon and epiphyton samples belonged to Chlorella and Chlorococcum. The genera Lyngbya, Scenedesmus, Nostoc and Navicula were the most abundant in the next ranks. The results of phosphate dissolution showed that samples of LON 6 and 13 and TON 8 have the highest solubility of phosphorus. Phosphorus uptake capacity was also very high in LON 6 and 13 samples and increased by 1840 and 2000% compared to the initial biomass, respectively. This amount was 825 percent in the TON 8. The results also showed that epipelon samples showed a higher ability than epiphyton samples in terms of phosphorus absorption and retention. In general, the results of this study showed that the periphytic biofilm has a high ability to absorb phosphorus, which reduces the waste of fertilizer used and therefore helps to increase its efficiency, and thus reduces non-point pollution.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Phosphate-solubilizing bacteria
  • Periphyton
  • Slow-release fertilizer
  • Phosphorus
  • Algae
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