بررسی کاربردی و اقتصادی اثر پوشش‌های مختلف فیزیکی در کاهش تبخیر از مخازن آب در مناطق خشک و نیمه خشک (مطالعه آزمایشگاهی)

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی آب ، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

2 دانشجوی دکتری مهندسی و مدیریت منابع آب، دانشکده مهندسی عمران، دانشگاه سمنان، سمنان، ایران

چکیده

نرخ زیاد تبخیر از سطح آب، منجر به کاهش چشمگیر استفاده از مخازن و استخرهای کشاورزی آب می­گردد. پوشش­های فیزیکی شناور یکی از روش­های موثر در کاهش تبخیر از سطح آزاد آب می­باشند. در این پژوهش از شش نوع پوشش پلی­استایرن، قطعات چوب، موم مصنوعی عسل، دانه­های پرلیت و لیکا و کاه وکلش برروی سطح تشت تبخیر استاندارد کلرادو مدفون با سه تکرار برای هر پوشش استفاده شد. پوشش­های پلی­استایرن، چوب و موم با درصدهای مختلف 60، 70 و 80 پوشش سطح بررسی شدند. تغییرات عمق آب مخازن پوشش­دار و بدون پوشش در بازه زمانی 2 خرداد 1397 تا 31 مرداد 1397 در شهر سمنان و در دانشگاه سمنان انجام شد. برآورد اقتصادی بودن طرح برای هر یک از پوشش­ها صورت گرفت. نتایج نشان داد مقدار متوسط کاهش تبخیر نسبت به مخزن شاهد برای پوشش­های پلی استایرن با درصد پوشش­های 60، 70 و 80، قطعات چوب با درصد پوشش­های 60، 70 و 80، موم مصنوعی عسل با درصد پوشش60، 70 و 80، پرلیت، لیکا و کاه وکلش به ترتیب حدود 43، 54، 65، 10، 19، 26، 9، 18، 25، 36، 22 و20 درصد می­باشد. در بخش نتایج تحلیل اقتصادی، بررسی­ها برروی استخری در فاصله 8/3 کیلومتری از محل برداشت انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که با توجه به طول عمر اقتصادی 5 ساله طرح، پوشش­های پلی­استایرن، پرلیت صرفه اقتصادی دارند. میزان نرخ بازده داخلی برای پلی­استایرن با درصد پوشش­های 60، 70 و 80، پرلیت به ترتیب 571، 722، 872 و 32 می­باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

A Practical and Economic Assessment Regarding the Effect of Various Physical Covers on Reducing Evaporation from Water Reservoirs in Arid and Semi-Arid Regions (Experimental Study)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hojat Karami 1
  • Hamidreza Ghazvinian 2
1 Department of Water Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
2 Ph.D. Student in Water Resources Engineering and Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Semnan University, Semnan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

The significantly high rate of evaporation from the surface of water results in a notable reduction in utilizing water reservoirs and farm ponds. Floating physical covers are considered to be one of the most effectual approaches toward reducing the rate of evaporation from the surface of water. In the present study, the following six types of covers were utilized with three repetitions for each type of cover on the surface of the standard Sunken Colorado Evaporation Pan. The covers included: polystyrene, wood parts, synthetic honey wax, Perlite and Leica grains, and threshed straw. Three varying percentages of 60, 70, and 80 were examined for polystyrene, wood, and wax covers. Water depth alterations for both covered and uncovered reservoirs were scrutinized in the period starting from May 23rd, 2018 until August 22nd, 2018 in Semnan University in Semnan city. The economical effectiveness of the plan was estimated for each separate type of coating. The findings of the study indicated that the average amount of reduction in surface evaporation in comparison with the control reservoir relevant to polystyrene covers with 60, 70, and 80% coverage, wood parts with 60, 70 and, 80% coverage, synthetic honey wax with 60, 70, and 80% coverage, and Perlite, Leica, and straw are approximately 43, 54, 65, 10, 19, 26, 9, 18, 25, 36, 22 and 20 %, respectively. Regarding the economic analysis of the study, surveys were carried out on a farm pond located at a distance of approximately 3.8 km from the site. The findings displayed that bearing in mind the 5-year economic life of the plan, polystyrene and Perlite covers are deemed to be economical. Conclusively, the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for polystyrene covers with 60, 70, and 80% covering, and Perlite covers are 571, 722, 872, and 32, respectively.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Reducing Evaporation
  • Physical Cover
  • Economic Analysis
  • Evaporation Pan
  • Semnan City
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