تأثیر درجات مختلف آبگریزی خاک حاصل از افزودن کود گاوی بر ویژگیهای پایداری خاک و فراهمی آب

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تبریز، تبریز، ایران

2 عضو هیات علمی مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی کرمان

چکیده

آبگریزی خـاک پدیده‌ی مهم فیزیکـی است. در شرایط آبگریزی زیر-بحرانی، پژوهش‌های زیادی پیامدهای مثبت آبگریزی را گزارش کرده‌اند. به نظر می‌رسد وجود آبگریزی خاک در یک دامنه مشخص (آبگریزی بهینه) نه تنها عامل ایجاد پیامدهای مخرب در خاک نبوده بلکه عاملی مثبت در بهبود کیفیت فیزیکی خاک نیز می‌باشد. در این پژوهش روی دو خاک لوم‌رسی و لوم‌شنی (در استان کرمان؛ در سال 1400-1399)، پیش‌تیمار ماده‌آلی (به‌‌عنوان عامل آبگریزی) در سطوح 0، 1، 3، 5، 8 و 10 درصد وزنی کود گاوی اعمال گردید. پس‌از دوره انکوباسیون سه‌ماهه و چرخه تر‌ و‌خشک‌شدن خاک‌ها، آبگریزی خاک با استفاده از روش WDPT، RI و β محاسبه شد. سپس 21 ویژگی‌ کیفیت خاک (فراهمی آب و پایداری ساختمان‌خاک) در نمونه‌ها اندازه‌گیری و با استفاده از PCA، نشانگرهای MDS انتخاب شد. با رسم نمودار داده‌های نشانگرهای MDS و آبگریزی، آبگریزی بهینه که معادل 95/0 مقادیر پیش‌بینی شده با معادله‌ی برازش یافته بر این داده‌ها است، محاسبه گردید. با توجه به اثر معنی‌داری کود گاوی بر شاخص‌های آبگریزی و همچنین همبستگی معنی‌دار RI با بیشتر ویژگی‌های فراهمی آب و ساختمان خاک؛ RI جهت تعیین آبگریزی بهینه انتخاب گردید. با بررسی نتایج نمودار تغییرات RI و 11 نشانگر MDS، مشخص گردید که نشانگرهای DC، TS و Ql با افزایش آبگریزی ابتدا روند کاهشی و سپس افزایشی داشته و بقیه نشانگرها ابتدا روند افزایشی و سپس کاهشی داشتند. دامنه‌ی بهینه آبگریزی (0.95LL-0.95UL)، زمانی که نشانگرهای ساختمان خاک مورد بررسی قرار می‌گیرند در دامنه وسیع‌تر (86/4-40/4) و در مواجهه با نشانگرهایی که تنها تحت تأثیر فراهمی آب هستند در دامنه محدودتری (28/4-72/3) تعریف می‌گردند. در نهایت در شرایط بدون محدودیت، حد پایینی 72/3 و حد بالایی 28/4 برای آبگریزی بهینه در نظر گرفته شد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of different levels of soil water repellency resulting from the addition of manure on soil stability and soil water availability characteristics

نویسندگان [English]

  • MASUMEH NIKPOUR 1
  • MOHAMMAD REZA NEYSHABURI 1
  • SHAHIN OUSTAN 1
  • HORMOZD NAGHAVII 2
1 Department of Soil Science, faculty of agriculture, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
2 Research center of Agriculture, Kerman, Iran
چکیده [English]

Soil water repellency is an important physical phenomenon. In sub-critical water repellency conditions, many studies have reported positive repellency impacts. It seems that the presence of soil water repellency in a Specified range (Optimum water repellency) is not only a cause of destructive impacts in the soil but also is a positive factor in improving the soil physical quality. In this study, pre-treatment of organic matter (as a hydrophobic agent) was applied on 0, 1, 3, 5, 8 and 10% by weight of manure, on sandy loam and clay loam samples (In Kerman province; through 2020-2021). After three months incubation period and wetting and drying cycles of soils, soil water repellency was calculated using WDPT (Water drop penetration time), RI (Repellency index) and β methods. Then 21 soil quality indices (water availability and soil stability structure characteristics) were measured in the samples, and MDS (Minimum data set) indicator were selected using PCA (Principal component analysis). The Optimum water repellency, which is equal to 0.95 of the predicted values with the equation fitted to data, was calculated by plotting the data of MDS indicator and water repellency index. Considering the significant effect of manure on soil water repellency indices, and also the significant correlation of RI with most of the water availability and soil structure characteristics, RI was selected to determine the optimum water repellency. After checking the results of graph and 11 MDS indictors, it was determined that DC, TS and Ql indictors had a decreasing and then increasing trend with increasing water repellency, and the rest of indictors showed an increasing trend and then a decreasing trend. The Range of Optimum water repellency (0.95LL-0.95UL) is defined in an extensive range (4.40-4.86), when the soil structure indictors are investigated and in a limited range (3.72-4.28) when it is only affected by water availability. Finally, in unlimited conditions, the lower limit of 3.72 and the upper limit of 4.28 were considered for the optimum water repellency.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Intrinsic sorptivity
  • Optimum water repellency
  • Organic matter
  • Soil quality indices
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