تأثیر محلول‌پاشی کودهای نانو و معمولی اکسید روی و سیلیس بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارزن دانه‌ای در شرایط تنش کم‌آبی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه پیام نور، تهران، ایران

2 گروه زراعت، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، بیرجند، ایران

چکیده

به‌‌منظور بررسی تأثیر محلول‌پاشی کودهای نانو و معمولی اکسید روی و سیلیس بر عملکرد و اجزای عملکرد ارزن رقم پیشاهنگ، آزمایشی در سال 1396 در مزرعه تحقیقاتی دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی بیرجند به‌صورت کرت‌های خرد شده در قالب طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار انجام شد. دو سطح آبیاری (آبیاری بر اساس 50 و 100 درصد نیاز آبی به روش FAO) به‌عنوان عامل اصلی و هفت سطح محلول‌پاشی کودی (عدم محلول‌پاشی (شاهد)، اکسید روی، اکسید سیلیس، نانو اکسید روی، نانو اکسید سیلیس، اکسید روی + اکسید سیلیس، نانو اکسید روی + نانو اکسید سیلیس) به‌عنوان عامل فرعی بودند. نتایج نشان داد که کم‌آبی موجب کاهش ارتفاع بوته (2/36 درصد)، طول پانیکول (2/21 درصد)، هدایت روزنه‌ای (2/14 درصد)، تعداد پانیکول در مترمربع (6/39 درصد)، تعداد دانه در پانیکول (33 درصد)، عملکرد دانه (8/62 درصد)، عملکرد بیولوژیک (4/38 درصد) و شاخص برداشت (7/45 درصد) نسبت به شاهد (100 درصد نیاز آبی) شد. اثر محلول‌پاشی کودی بر عدد کلروفیل‌متر، هدایت روزنه‌ای، تعداد پانیکول در مترمربع، عملکرد دانه و عملکرد بیولوژیک معنی‌دار بود. بیشترین عملکرد دانه به طور مشترک از کاربرد روی معمولی، نانو سیلیس و روی معمولی + سیلیس معمولی حاصل شد که از افزایش به ترتیب 7/27، 8/26 و 9/15 درصدی نسبت به شاهد برخوردار بودند. همچنین بیشترین عملکرد بیولوژیک به طور مشترک از کاربرد روی معمولی + سیلیس معمولی، کاربرد روی معمولی و کاربرد نانو سیلیس حاصل شد که از افزایش به ترتیب 3/16، 8/8 و 6/6 درصدی نسبت به شاهد برخوردار بودند. بر اساس نتایج این آزمایش، به منظور حفظ محیط‌زیست و دستیابی به حداکثر عملکرد دانه ارزن دانه‌ای در منطقه بیرجند می‌توان از آبیاری مطلوب و محلول‌پاشی نانو سیلیس استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Effect of Foliar Application of Nano and Conventional Zinc Oxide and Silica Fertilizers on Yield and Yield Components of Millet in Deficit Irrigation Conditions

نویسندگان [English]

  • hamed javadi 1
  • Mohammad Javad Seghatolslami 2
  • Gholamreza Moosavi 2
  • Ahmad Mossavi 1
1 Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Birjand, Iran
چکیده [English]

In order to study the effect of foliar application of nano and conventional zinc oxide and silica fertilizers on yield and yield components of millet Pishhang cultivar, an experiment was conducted in 2017 in the research farm of Birjand branch, Islamic Azad University, Birjand as split plots based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Two levels of irrigation (irrigation based on 50% and 100% of water requirement by FAO method) were as the main plots. Also seven treatment of fertilizer foliar application (no foliar application (control), zinc oxide, silica oxide, nano zinc oxide, nano Silica, zinc oxide + silica and nano-zinc + nano-silica) were as the sub-plots. The results showed that deficit irrigation reduced plant height (36.2%), panicle length (21.2%), stomata conductance (14.2%), number of panicles per square meter (39.6%), number of seeds per panicle (33%), grain yield (62.8%), biological yield (38.4%) and harvest index (45.7%) compared to the control (100% water requirement). The effect of fertilizer foliar application was significant on chlorophyll index, stomata conductance, number of panicles per square meter, grain yield and biological yield. The highest grain yield was obtained from the application of common zinc oxide, nano-silica and zinc oxide+silica, which increased by 27.7, 26.8 and 15.9%, respectively, compared to the control. Also, the highest biological yield was obtained from the application of zinc + silica, ordinary zinc and nano-silica, which had an increase of 16.3%, 8.8% and 6.6%, respectively, compared to the control. Based on the results of this experiment, in order to preserve the environment and achieve maximum grain yield of millet in Birjand region, optimal irrigation and foliar application of nano-silica can be used.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • "Pishhang"
  • "Spad"
  • "Stomatal conductance"
Abdul Qados, A.M.S. and Moftah, A.E. (2015). Influence of silicon and nano-silicon on germination, growth and yield of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under salt stress conditions. American Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 5(6), 509-524.
Adavi, Z. and Baghbani-Arani, A. (2020). Effect of bio-fertilizers application on yield and yield components of millet cultivars Common (Panicum miliaceum L.) and Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.) in water deficit stress. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 50(4), 13-25. (In Persian).
Agarie, S., Uchida, H., Agata, W., Kuubota, F. and Kufman, B. (1993). Effect of silicon on growth, dry matter production and photosynthesis in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Crop Production and Improvement Technology, 34, 225-234.
Ahmadi, M., Astaraei, A., Lakzian, A. and Emami, H. (2021). Study of millet (Panicum miliaceum) response to humic acid, silicon and mycorrhiza application under saline-sodic irrigation water stress. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 14(3), 823-836. (In Persian).
Akbari, F., Mousavi, S.G. and Seghatoleslami, M.J. (2017). The effect of nano and conventional zinc and silica fertilizers spraying on yield and yield components of maize. Crop Production Research, 10(2), 153-167. (In Persian).
Alizadeh, O., Majidi, I., Nadian, H., Nour- Mohammadi, G. and Amerian, M. (2007). Effect of water stress and nitrogen rates on yield and components of Maize (Zea mays L.). Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 13(2), 427-434. (In Persian).
Al-Suhaibani, N.A. (2011). Better forage and grain yield quality of pearl millet (Penisetum glaucum L.) under different irrigation water supplies and plant densities. World Applied Sciences Journal, 15(8), 1136-1143.
Asadzadeh, N., Moosavi, S.Gh. and Seghatoleslami, M.J. (2017). Effect of irrigation regimes and application of nano and conventional ZnO and SiO2 fertilizers on yield, yield components and water use efficiency of sunflower (Helianthus annus L.). Applied Research in Field Crops, 30 (1), 1-17. (In Persian).
Baghalian, K., Abdoshah, Sh., Khalighi-Sigaroudi, F. and Paknejad, F. (2011). Physiological and phytochemical response to drought stress of German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.). Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 49, 201-207.
Baybordi, A. (2006). Zinc in soils and crop nutrition (1th Ed.). Iran: Parivar.
Davoody, N., Seghatoleslami, M., Mousavi, S. and Azari Nasrabad, A. (2013). The effect of foliar application of nano-zinc oxide on yield and water use efficiency of foxtail millet in drought stress conditions. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 6(1), 37-46. (In Persian).
Ebrahimian, A., Roshdi, M., Paseban Eslam, B., Khalili Mahaleh, J. and Baibordi, A. (2008). Evaluation of Fe and Zn application methods on yield and yield components of oil sunflowers. Journal of Research in Agricultural Sciences, 2(7), 15-27. (In Persian).
Epstein, E. 1999. Silicon. Annuals Review Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology. 50: 641-664.
Erfani, M., Alizadeh, O. and Miri, H.R. (2013). Physiological aspects of (Panicum miliaceum L.) under different water supply, weeding, herbicide and growth regulators combination for competitive ability against weed. International Journal of Farming and Allied Sciences, 2(S), 1241-1254.
Esazadeh Panjali Kharabasi, J., Galavi, M. and Ramroudi, M. (2017). Effects of methanol spraying on qualitative traits, yield and yield components of soybean (Glycine max L.) under drought stress conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crops Research, 15(3), 511-521. (In Farsi).
Fageria, N.K. and Baligar, V.C. (2005). Growth components and zinc recovery efficiency of upland rice genotypes. Pesquisa Agropecuaria Brasileira, 40, 1211-1215.
Farhadi, N., Souri, M.K. and Alirezalu, A. (2013). Effect of sowing dates on quantity and quality of castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) under semi-arid condition in Iran. Zeitschrift fur Arznei-und Gewurzpflanzen, 18.
Feizi, H., Berahmand, A., Rezvani Moghaddam, P., fotovvat, A. and Tahmasbi, N. (2010). Aplication Magnetic Field and Silver Nano Particles in growth and yield of maize. National Conference on Nano Science & Nano Technology, Payam noor University of Yazd. P, 1694-1697. (In Persian).
GAO, X., Zou, C., Wang, L. and Zhang, F. (2006). Silicon decreases transpiration rate and conductance from stomata of maize plants. Journal of Plant Nutrition, 29, 1637-1647.
Ghanbari, M., Mkhtassi-Bidgoli, A., Mansour Ghanaei-Pashaki, K., Talebi-Siah Saran, P. (2021). The Study of Yield and Physiological Characteristics of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum) in Response to Bio-Fertilizers and Different Irrigation Regimes. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 31(1), 23-37. (In Persian).
Ghassemi-Golezani, K., Nikpour-Rashidabad, N. and Zehtab-Salmasi, S. (2012). Physiological performance of pinto bean cultivars under salinity. International Journal of Plant, Animal and Environmental Science, 2, 223-228.
Golombek, S. and Al-Ramamneh, E.A.D. (2002). Drought tolerance mechanisms of pearl millet. University of Kassel, Institute of Crop Science, Germany.
Hassegawa, R.H., Fonseca, H., Fancelli, A.L., Dasilva, V.N., Schammass. E.A., Reis, T.A. and Correa, B. (2008). Influence of macro-and micro nutrient fertilization on fungal contamination and fumonisin production in corn grains. Food Control, 19, 36-43.
Hong, W. and Jj-yun, J. (2007). Effects of zinc deficiency and drought on plant growth and metabolism of reactive oxygen species in maize (Zea mays L.). Agricultural Sciences in China, 6(8), 988-995.
Hossain, M.T., Soga, K., Wakabayashi, K., Kamisaka, S., Fujii, S., Yamamoto, R. and Takayuki, H. (2007). Modification of chemical properties of cell walls by silicon and its role in regulation of the cell wall extensibility in oat leaves. Journal Plant Physiology, 164, 385-393. (In Persian).
Howell, T. A., Evett, S.R., Tolk, J.A. and Schneider, A.D. (2004). Evaporation of full and deficit-irrigated, and dry land cotton on the Northern Texas High Plains. Journal of Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, 130(4), 277-285.
Imam, Y. (2007). Cereal produltion. Shiraz University Press. 194 pages.
Jalilian, J., Khade, A. and Pirzad, A. (2014). Effect of Fe and Zn spraying on some characteristics of mungbean using chemical and organic fertilization. Journal of Crop Improvement, 16(3), 725-732. (In Persian).
Kamenidou, S., Cavins, T.J. and Marek, S. (2010). Silicon supplements affect floricultural quality traits and elemental nutrient concentrations of greenhouse produced gerbera. Science Horticulture, 123, 390–394.
Kaya, C. and D. Higgs. (2002). Response of tomato (Lycopersicom esculentum L.) cultivars to foliar application of zinc when grown in sand culture at low zinc. Scientia Horticulturae, 93, 53-64.
Keshavarz, L., Farahbakhsh, H. and Golkar, P. (2013). Effects of different irrigation and superabsorbent levels on physio-morphological traits and forage yield of millet (Pennisetum americanum L.). American- Eurasian Journal Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 13(8), 1043-1049.
Kheirizadeh, Y., Seyed Sharifi, R. and Khalilzadeh, R. (2018). Study of biofertilizers and nano zinc oxide application on remobilization and leaf area index of triticale (Triticosecale Witt.) under soil salinity. Environmental Stresses in Crop Sciences, 11(4), 993-1004. (In Persian).
Khodabandloo, Sh., Sepehri, A., Ahmadvand, G. and Keshtkar, A.H. (2014). Effect of silicon on millet grain yield and water use efficiency under drought stress. Crops Improvement, 16 (2), 416-399. (In Persian).
Lai, R. (2007). Soil science in the era of hydrogen economy and 10 billion people. The Ohio State University. USA. Pp: 1-9.
Liang, Y. C., Wong, J. W. and Long, W. (2005). Silicon- mediated enhancement of cadmium tolerance in maize (Zea mays L.) grown in cadmium contaminated soil. Chmosphere, 58, 475-483.
Lu, C. M., Zhang, C. Y., Wen, J. Q., Wu, G. R. and Tao, M. Z. (2002). Research of the effect of nanometer materials on germination and growth enhancement of glycine max and its mechanism. Soybean Science, 21(3), 168-171.
Ma, J. F. (2004). Role of silicon in enhancing the resistance of plant to biotic and abiotic stresses. Soil Science & Plant Nutrition, 50(1), 11-18.
Malakoti, M.J. and Lotfolahi, M.A. (2004). Role of Zn in increasing the quantity and quality of agricultural products and public health. Publication of agricultural education, 212 P. (In Persian).
Marschner, H. (2012). Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants. Academic Press Limited Harcourt Brace and Company, Publishers, London, pp. 347–364.
Mazaherinia, S., Astaraei, A.R., Fotovat, A. and Monshi, A. (2010). Nano iron oxide particles efficiency on Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu concentrations in wheat plant. World Applied Sciences Journal, 7(1), 36- 40.
Mehrpooyan M. and Faramarzi, A. (2011). Effect of different level of deficit irrigation on quantitative yield and water use efficiency of millet and sorghum. Journal of plants and ecosystems, 7(26), 60-71. (In Farsi).
Moaveni, P. and T. Kheiri. (2011). TiO2 Nano Particles Affected on Maize (Zea mays L.). 2nd International Conference on Agricultural and Animal Science in Singapore by International Proceeding of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering. International Association of Computer Science and Information Technology Press, 22, 160- 163.
Mohaghegh, P., Shirvani, M. and Ghasemi, S. (2010). Silicon application effects on yield and growth of two cucumber genotypes in hydroponics system. Journal of Science and Technology of Greenhouse Culture, 1(1), 35-40. (In Farsi).
Mokari, M. and Abedinpour, M. (2020). Investigating the Effect of Spraying Silica Nanoparticles in Increasing the Drought Resistance of Millet Seedlings in Kashmar Weather Conditions. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 51(9), 2307-2322. (In Persian).
Naderi, M.R. and Abedi, A. (2012). Application of nanotechnology in agriculture and refinement of environmental pollutants. Journal of Nanotechnology, 11 (1), 18-26. (In Persian).
Nakhaei, A., Abbasi, M. R., Arazmjoo, E. and Azari NasrAbad, A. (2014). Evaluation of terminal drought tolerance in foxtail millet (Setaria italic L.) accessions. Iranian Journal of Crop Sciences, 16(1), 25-38. (In Farsi).
Paygzar, Y., Ghanbari, A., Heidari, M. and Tavassoli, A. (2009). Effect foliar of micronutrients on the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of millet under drought stress (Pennisetum glacum) species notrifed. Iranian Journal of Agriculture Science, 3(10), 67-78. (In Persian).
Rajaie, M. and Ziaeyan, A.H. (2009). Combined effect of zinc and boron on yield and nutrients accumulation in corn. International Journal of Plant Production, 3(3), 35-440.
Rezaye soukht abbandani, R. and Ramezani, R. (2010). Study effect away irrigation and nitrogen fertilizer on index physiological growth and yield corn forage (hybrid s. c 704) the weather conditions province Mazandaran. Journal of Crop Physiology, 2(3), 19- 44. (In Persian).
Rosen, J.A., Pike, C.S. and Golden, M.L. (1977). Zinc, Iron, and chlorophyll metabolism in Zinc-toxic corn. Plant Physiol, 59(6), 1085-1087.
Sadak, M.S. (2019). Impact of silver nanoparticles on plant growth, some biochemical aspects, and yield of fenugreek plant (Trigonella foenumgraecum). Bulletin of the National Research center, 38-43.
Seghatoleslami, M.J., Majidi, E. and Kafi, M. (2008). Effect of deficit irrigation on yield, WUE and some morphological and phenological traits of three millet species. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 40(4), 1555-1560.
Sharief, A.E. and Keshta, M.M. (2006). Influence of sowing date and plant density on growth and yield of canola (Brassica napus, L.) under salt affected soils in Egypt’s. Scientific Journal of King Faisal University (Basic and Applied Sciences), 3(1): 65-78.
Simova- Stoilova, L., Demirevska, K., Petrova, T., Tsenov, N. and Feller, U. (2008). Antioxidative protection in wheat varieties under severe recoverable drought at seedling stage. Plant Soil and Environment, 54, 529- 536.
Souri, M.K. (2016). Aminochelate fertilizers: the new approach to the old problem; a review. Open Agriculture, 1: 118-123.
Steiner, M., Toth, E.G., Juhasz, A., Dioszegi, M.S. and Hrotko, K. (2014). Stomatal responses of drought and heat stressed linden (Tilia sp.) leaves. Horticulture and Landscape Engineering, 6, 7-10.
Tadayon, M. and Karimzadeh Soureshjani, H. (2017). Effect of zeolite on physiological and biochemical attributes of Proso millet (Panicum miliaceum) in deficit irrigation conditions. Iranian Journal of Field Crop Science, 48(2), 443-452. (In Persian).
Tardieu, F., Zhang, J., Katerji, N., Bethenod, O., Palmer, S. and Davies, J. (1992). Xylem ABA controls the stomatal conductance of field grown maize subjected to soil compaction or soil drying. Plant Cell Environ, 15, 193-197.
Welch, R.M. (1995). Micronutrient Nutrition of Plants. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences. 14, 49-82.