تأثیر تغییر کاربری اراضی بر برخی ویژگی‎های فیزیکی، شیمیایی و بیولوژیکی خاک

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 کارشناس ارشد ‌مدیریت منابع خاک، گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

2 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

3 دانشیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه رازی، کرمانشاه، ایران.

4 دکتری علوم خاک، گروه علوم خاک، دانشگاه زنجان، زنجان، ایران.

5 استادیار گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران.

چکیده

امروزه مناطق گسترده‌ای از جنگل‌ها به اراضی کشاورزی تغییر کاربری داده است و تغییر کاربری اراضی از عوامل مهم کاهش -دهنده کیفیت خاک می‌باشد. هدف از انجام این پژوهش بررسی تأثیر تغییر کاربری اراضی از جنگل و مرتع به کشاورزی بر برخی از ویژگی‌های خاک در منطقه سراب بادیه (استان کرمانشاه) است. نمونه‌برداری در سال 1398 و از نقاط هم شیب و همسان در قالب طرح آشیانه‌ای صورت گرفت. برای این منظور 4 منطقه در نزدیکی هم که دارای چشم‌انداز یکسان و شامل 3 کاربری جنگل، مرتع و کشاورزی بودند و همچنین 2 عمق 20-0 و 40-20 سانتی‌متری در نظر گرفته شدند. از هر عمق در کاربری‌های مختلف نمونه‌های مرکب تهیه شد. پس از انتقال نمونه‌ها به آزمایشگاه، ویژگی‌های مهم خاک بر اساس روش‌های استاندارد اندازه‌گیری شدند. نتایج نشان داد که بر اثر تغییر کاربری اراضی در بین ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها بیش از سایر ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک تحت تأثیر قرار گرفت به‌نحوی‌که با تغییر کاربری از جنگل به کشاورزی در لایه‌ زیرین خاک (20-40 سانتی‌متری) به میزان 04/51 درصد کاهش یافت. در بین ویژگی‌های شیمیایی خاک کربن آلی و نیتروژن کل با 95/52 درصد کاهش در لایه‌ سطحی خاک (0-20 سانتی‌متری)، بیشترین تغییرپذیری را در اثر تغییر کاربری از جنگل به مرتع داشتند. ضریب متابولیکی به تغییر کاربری اراضی حساس بود به‌نحوی‌که مقدار آن با تغییر کاربری از جنگل به کشاورزی به میزان 92/92 درصد در لایه‌ زیرین خاک (40-20 سانتی‌متری) کاهش یافت. این ویژگی‌ها (میانگین وزنی قطر خاکدانه‌ها، کربن آلی، نیتروژن کل و ضریب متابولیکی) به تغییر شرایط مدیریتی در سطح مزرعه حساسیت بالایی دارند بنابراین می‌توان از این ویژگی‌ها برای پایش کیفیت خاک استفاده نمود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات


عنوان مقاله [English]

The effect of land use change on some physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nahid Hydari 1
  • Seyed Bahman Mousavi 2
  • Ali Beheshti Ale Agha 3
  • Fatemeh Rakhsh 4
  • Ismaeil Karimi 5
1 MSc in Soil Resource Management, Department of Soil Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
2 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
3 Associate Professor, Department of Soil Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
4 Ph.D. in Soil Sciences, Department of Soil Sciences, Zanjan University, Zanjan, Iran.
5 Assistant Professor, Department of Soil Science, University of Maragheh, Maragheh, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Nowadays, vast areas of forests have been changed to farmlands, and the change in land use is one of the important factors reducing soil quality. The purpose of this research is to investigate the effect of land use change from forest and pasture to agriculture on some soil characteristics in Sarab Badia area (Kermanshah province). Sampling was done in 2018 from points with the same slope in the form of a nesting site. For this purpose, four areas near each other that have the same landscape and include 3 uses of forest, pasture, and agriculture and also two depths of 0-20 and 20-40 cm were considered. Composite samples were prepared from each depth. After transferring the samples to the laboratory, the important characteristics of the soil were measured based on standard methods. The results showed that among the physical characteristics of the soil, MWD was affected more than the other physical characteristics due to the change in land use, so that by changing the land use from forest to agriculture in the subsoil layer (20-40 cm), MWD decreased by 51.04%. Among the soil chemical properties, organic carbon and total nitrogen with 52.95% decrease in top layer of the soil (0-20 cm), had the most variability due to the change of land use from forest to pasture. The metabolic coefficient was sensitive to the change in land use from forest to agriculture, as its value decreased by 92.92% in the sub layer (20-40 cm). Characteristics such as; MWD, organic carbon, total nitrogen, and metabolic coefficient are highly sensitive to changes of management conditions at the field level, so these characteristics can be used to monitor soil quality.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aggregate stability
  • Forest
  • Pasture
  • Soil carbon
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