ارزیابی مدت زمان بازیابی خشکسالی در کاربری‌ها و اقلیم‌های مختلف ایران با استفاده از سنجش از دور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه مهندسی و مدیریت آب ، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران

2 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، لاهیجان، ایران.

چکیده

خشکسالی یکی از زیان‌بارترین بلایای طبیعی است که در عملکرد گیاهان و اکوسیستم‌های زمینی تأثیر می‌گذارد و باعث به‌وجود آمدن آسیب‌های قابل توجهی می‌شود. شدت خشکسالی و طول دوره بازیابی خشکسالی (مدت زمانی که پس از اتمام خشکسالی طول می‌کشد که عملکرد گیاهان به شرایط نرمال برگردد) پارامترهای بسیار مهمی برای مدیریت بهتر خشکسالی هستند. این مقاله به ارزیابی و بررسی طول دوره بازیابی خشکسالی در کاربری‌ها و اقلیم‌های مختلف ایران پرداخته است. به این منظور، طبقه‌بندی اقلیمی با استفاده از روش دومارتن انجام و با استفاده از شاخص سلامت گیاهی (VHI) خشکسالی کشاورزی در دوره 2000 تا 2020 در کاربری‌های کشاورزی، جنگل، مرتع و درختچه‌زار پایش شد. علاوه بر این، سال‌های 2000، 2001 و 2008 به عنوان دوره‌های خشکسالی انتخاب شدند. همچنین با استفاده از بهره‌وری ناخالص اولیه (GPP) طول دوره بازیابی خشکسالی به دست آمد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین طول دوره بازیابی خشکسالی از حدود 34 روز در جنگل تا 81 روز در درختچه‌زار متغیر است و بازیابی سریع جنگل‌ها پس از خشکسالی به دلیل ریشه عمیق آن‌ها است. بطورکلی کاربری‌های درختچه‌زار و کشاورزی دوره بازیابی طولانی‌تری نسبت به سایر کاربری‌ها داشته و کاربری جنگل‌ کوتاه‌ترین دوره بازیابی را داشت، که انعطاف‌پذیری بالای جنگل و انعطاف‌پذیری پایین کشاورزی و درختچه‌زار را نشان می‌دهد. همچنین نتایج نشان داد که میانه طول دوره بازیابی از حدود 20 روز در اقلیم‌های مرطوب تا 80 روز در اقلیم‌های خشک متغیر است که نشان‌دهنده این است که شرایط برای بازیابی خشکسالی در اقلیم‌های مرطوب‌تر نسبت به اقلیم‌های خشک‌تر مهیاتر است. بطورکلی با پیشروی از اقلیم بسیار مرطوب به اقلیم خشک، دوره بازیابی خشکسالی طولانی‌تر می‌شود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Evaluation of drought recovery duration in different land uses and climates of Iran using remote sensing

نویسندگان [English]

  • Amin Fathi Taperasht 1
  • Milad Fardadi Shilsar 2
1 Department of Water Resources Engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Water Engineering, College of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Lahijan, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Drought is one of the most harmful natural disasters that affects the plants yield and terrestrial ecosystems and causes significant damage. The severity of drought and duration of drought recovery (the time required for plant to return to normal conditions, after the end of drought) are vital parameters for better drought management. This article assesses and investigates the length of drought recovery period in different land uses and climates of Iran. For this purpose, climate classification was done using the De Martonne method, and agricultural drought was monitored using the Vegetation Health Index (VHI) from 2000 to 2020 for cropland, forest, grassland, and shrubland uses. Years of 2000, 2001, and 2008 were selected as drought periods. Furthermore, using gross primary productivity (GPP), the length of drought recovery period was acquired. The results showed that the average duration of  drought recovery period varies from about 34 days in the forest to 81 days in the shrubland. The rapid recovery of forests after the drought is due to their deep roots. In general, the shrubland and cropland classes had a more prolonged recovery period than the other classes, and the forest class had the shortest recovery period, which indicates the high resilience of the forest and the low resilience of the cropland and shrubland classes. Also, the results revealed that the average length of the recovery period varies from about 20 days in humid climates to 80 days in arid climates, which indicates that the conditions for drought recovery in humid climate are better than that in arid climates. In general, the drought recovery period becomes longer as one moves from a very humid climate to a dry climate. 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Drought Recovery
  • Vegetation Health Index
  • Gross Primary Productivity
  • Climate Classification

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 7
مهر 1401
صفحه 1659-1672

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