بررسی روند تغییرات کمیت و شوری آب زیرزمینی و عوامل مؤثر بر آن در حوضه شیراز با استفاده از داده‌های زمینی و سنجش‌ازدور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار، بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد، بخش مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شیراز، شیراز، ایران

چکیده

افت سطح ایستابی و پیامدهای آن در مناطق خشک و نیمه‌خشک به دلیل بهره‌برداری بی‌رویه از منابع آب زیرزمینی یکی از چالش‌های پیش رو در سال‌های آینده خواهد بود. ازاین‌رو در این پژوهش به بررسی  روند سطح آب زیرزمینی و شوری آن در حوضه شهر شیراز در طی دوره آماری 27 ساله (1372- 1399)  پرداخته شد. بررسی سری زمانی تراز سطح ایستابی حاصل از چاه‌های پیزومتری با استفاده از آزمون من‌کندال نشان‌دهنده روند معنی‌دار کاهشی است؛ به‌طوری‌که روند منفی تغییرات سطح ایستابی بعد از نقطه تغییر در خردادماه 1381 به 8/2 برابر دوره قبل از خود افزایش ‌یافته است. همچنین امکان کاربرد داده‌های حاصل از ماهواره GRACE به‌منظور پایش سطح آب زیرزمینی موردبررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج حاکی از دقت بسیار خوب (NRMSE<10%) سری‌های مختلف داده GRACE در تخمین تغییرات سطح آب زیرزمینی است. بررسی شوری آب زیرزمینی با استفاده از داده‌های هدایت الکتریکی (EC) نشان‌دهنده روند افزایشی شوری  در سطح حوضه بود. عوامل مؤثر بر روند کاهشی کمیت و کیفیت آب زیرزمینی عواملی چون مقدار بارندگی، جمعیت و پوشش گیاهی حاصل از ماهواره Landsat موردبررسی قرار گرفت. با توجه به نتایج حاصل‌شده مشاهده شد که داده‌های بارندگی در حوضه دارای روند معنی‌دار نیست. از طرفی روند افزایشی جمعیت و پوشش گیاهی در حوضه و نبود منابع آب سطحی منجر به افزایش چشمگیر برداشت از منابع آب زیرزمینی گردیده است که در برنامه‌ریزی‌ها، پایداری سرزمین بایستی موردتوجه جدی مدیران قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigating quantity and salinity trend of groundwater in Shiraz basin and its affecting factors using in situ and remote sensing data

نویسندگان [English]

  • Shohreh Didari 1
  • Sareh Aji 2
  • Foroogh Golkar 1
1 Assistant Professor, Department of Water Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
2 M.Sc. Student, Department of Water Engineering, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran
چکیده [English]

Declining water table and its consequences due to overexploitation of groundwater resources will be one of the challenges in the coming years in arid and semi-arid areas. Therefore, in this study, the groundwater level and its salinity in Shiraz basin for 27 years (1993-2020) was investigated. The trend of the water table time series was analyzed using Mann-Kendall test. Result shows a significantly decreasing trend; So that the negative trend of water table after the change point in June 2002 has increased to 2.8 times of the previous period. The possibility of using Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) satellite data to monitor the groundwater level was also investigated. The results show very good accuracy (NRMSE <10%) of different versions of data. Examination of groundwater salinity using electrical conductivity (EC) data showed an increasing salinity trend in the basin. Factors affecting decreasing trend of quantity and quality in the basin were also analyzed. Results showed no significant trend in rainfall time-series. However, the increasing trend of the population and vegetation in the basin and the lack of surface water resources have led to a significant increase in groundwater abstraction. Thus, when planning, the land sustainability should be seriously considered by managers.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Groundwater level
  • electrical conductivity
  • GRACE
  • MAN-Kendall test
  • Landsat

مراجع

Abou Zaki, N., Torabi Haghighi, A., M. Rossi, P., J. Tourian, M., and Kløve, B. (2019). Monitoring groundwater storage depletion using gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) data in Bakhtegan Catchment, Iran. Water, 11(7), 1456.
Ahamed, A., Knight, R., Alam, S., Pauloo, R., and Melton, F. (2022). Assessing the utility of remote sensing data to accurately estimate changes in groundwater storage. Science of The Total Environment, 807, 150635.
Alamdar, R., Kumar, V., Moghtaderi, T., and Naghibi, S. J. (2019). Groundwater quality evaluation of Shiraz City, Iran using multivariate and geostatistical techniques. SN Applied Sciences, 1(11), 1-16.
Badeenezhad, A., Tabatabaee, H. R., Nikbakht, H. A., Radfard, M., Abbasnia, A., Baghapour, M. A., and Alhamd, M. (2020). Estimation of the groundwater quality index and investigation of the affecting factors their changes in Shiraz drinking groundwater, Iran. Groundwater for Sustainable Development, 11, 100435.
Barzegar, S., & Masoudi, M. (2017). Degradation severity assessment of groundwater resourses using the modified version of IMDPA and GIS in Shiraz plain, Fars province. Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 21(3), 47-57.  )In Farsi(.
Ebrahimi, A., Nazemosadat, S. M., Motamedvaziri, B., & Ahmadi, H. (2021). Land Use-Land Cover Change and Its Relationships with the Groundwater Table and the Plants’ Altitudinal Zones: A Case Study of Arsanjan County, Iran. Iranian Journal of Science and Technology, Transactions of Civil Engineering, 45(3), 1891-1907.
Feng, W., Shum, C. K., Zhong, M., and Pan, Y. (2018). Groundwater storage changes in China from satellite gravity: An overview. Remote Sensing, 10(5), 674.
Gorelick, N., Hancher, M., Dixon, M., Ilyushchenko, S., Thau, D., and Moore, R. (2017). Google Earth Engine: Planetary-scale geospatial analysis for everyone. Remote sensing of Environment, 202, 18-27.
Joodaki, G., Wahr, J., and Swenson, S. (2014). Estimating the human contribution to groundwater depletion in the Middle East, from GRACE data, land surface models, and well observations. Water Resources Research, 50(3), 2679-2692.
Karimi, S. (2012). Investigation of groundwater resources quality variations trend (Case study; Shiraz Plain٫ Fars province). M.Sc. thesis, Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University, Sari, Iran.
Kariminejad, M. (2020 September). Appearance of Shiraz sewage project. Retrieved July 17, 2022, Shiraz Water and Wastewater company news, from https://news.abfa-shiraz.ir/news
Kendall, M.G. (1948). Rank correlation methods. Griffin.
Landerer, F. W., and Swenson, S. C. (2012). Accuracy of scaled GRACE terrestrial water storage estimates. Water resources research, 48(4).
Liesch, T., and Ohmer, M. (2016). Comparison of GRACE data and groundwater levels for the assessment of groundwater depletion in Jordan. Hydrogeology Journal, 24(6), 1547-1563.
Mirabbasi, R., Ahmadi, F., and Jhajharia, D. (2020). Comparison of parametric and non-parametric methods for trend identification in groundwater levels in Sirjan plain aquifer, Iran. Hydrology Research, 51(6), 1455-1477.
Miro, M. E., and Famiglietti, J. S. (2018). Downscaling GRACE remote sensing datasets to high-resolution groundwater storage change maps of California’s Central Valley. Remote Sensing, 10(1), 143.
Mojid, M. A., Parvez, M. F., Mainuddin, M., and Hodgson, G. (2019). Water table trend—a sustainability status of groundwater development in North-West Bangladesh. Water, 11(6), 1182.
Nabavi, S. N., Alizadeh, A., & Faridhosseini, A. (2020). Evaluation of groundwater resources using GRACE Satellite Gravimetric Data (Case study: Khorasan Razavi). Iranian Journal of Irrigation & Drainage, 14(3), 855-866. )In Farsi(.
Noshadi M., Ahadi A. (2020) Analyzing piezometers’ behavior to determine the lag time of the rainfall effects on the groundwater level fluctuations in the alluvial plain of Shiraz by using SPI and GRI Indices. Journal of Water and Soil Science; 23 (4) :299-312. )In Farsi(.
Pathak, A. A., and Dodamani, B. M. (2019). Trend analysis of groundwater levels and assessment of regional groundwater drought: Ghataprabha River Basin, India. Natural Resources Research, 28(3), 631-643.
Pettitt, A. N. (1979). A non‐parametric approach to the change‐point problem. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society: Series C (Applied Statistics), 28(2), 126-135.
Rahimzadegan, M., & Entezari, S. A. (2019). Performance of the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) method in monitoring groundwater-level changes in local-scale study regions within Iran. Hydrogeology Journal, 27(7), 2497-2509.
Samani, S., Moghaddam, H. K., and Zareian, M. J. (2021). Evaluating time series integrated groundwater sustainability: a case study in Salt Lake catchment, Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences, 80(17), 1-13.
Shiraz Water and Wastewater company. (2022). The performance of the company in the sewage sector. Retrieved July 17, 2022, from https://abfa-shiraz.ir.
Singh, L., and Saravanan, S. (2020). Satellite-derived GRACE groundwater storage variation in complex aquifer system in India. Sustainable Water Resources Management, 6(3), 1-15.
Statistics Center of Iran. (2020). Retrieved January 20, 2022, from https://www.amar.org.ir.
Swenson, S., Yeh, P. J. F., Wahr, J., and Famiglietti, J. (2006). A comparison of terrestrial water storage variations from GRACE with in situ measurements from Illinois. Geophysical Research Letters, 33(16).
Wang, S., Liu, H., Yu, Y., Zhao, W., Yang, Q., and Liu, J. (2020). Evaluation of groundwater sustainability in the arid Hexi Corridor of Northwestern China, using GRACE, GLDAS and measured groundwater data products. Science of The Total Environment, 705, 135829.
WHO (2011) WHO guidelines for drinking-water quality, 4th edn. World Health Organization, Washington, DC.
Yin, W., Hu, L., and Jiao, J. J. (2017). Evaluation of groundwater storage variations in Northern China using GRACE data. Geofluids, 2017.
Zarinmehr, H., Tizro, A. T., Fryar, A. E., Pour, M. K., and Fasihi, R. (2022). Prediction of groundwater level variations based on gravity recovery and climate experiment (GRACE) satellite data and a time-series analysis: a case study in the Lake Urmia basin, Iran. Environmental Earth Sciences, 81(6), 1-11.
تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 7
مهر 1401
صفحه 1645-1658

فایل ها

هم رسانی

ارجاع به این مقاله

آمار