Aasfar, A., Bargaz, A., Yaakoubi, K., Hilali, A., Bennis, I., Zeroual, Y. and Meftah Kadmiri, I. (2021). Nitrogen Fixing Azotobacter Species as Potential Soil Biological Enhancers for Crop Nutrition and Yield Stability. Front Microbiol, 12, 628379.
Adeleke, R.A., Raimi, A.R., Roopnarain, A. and Mokubedi, S.M. (2019). Status and prospects of bacterial inoculants for sustainable management of agroecosystems. In B. Giri, R. Prasad, Q.-S. Wu, A. Varma, (eds), Biofertilizers for Sustainable Agriculture and Environment. )pp. 137–172(. Springer, Cham, Switzerland.
Ahmadi-Rad, S., Gholamhoseini, M., Ghalavand, A., Asgharzadeh, A. and Dolatabadian, A. (2016). Foliar application of nitrogen fixing bacteria increases growth and yield of canola grown under different nitrogen regimes. Rhizosphere, 2, 34–37.
Akram, M., Rizvi, R., Sumbul, A., Ansari, R.A. and Mahmood, I. (2016). Potential role of bio-inoculants and organic matter for the management of root-knot nematode infesting chickpea. Cogent Food and Agriculture, 2 (1), 1183457.
Alam, M.S., Cui, Z.J., Yamagishi, T. and Ishii, R. (2001). Grain yield and related physiological characteristics of rice plants (Oryza sativa L.) inoculated with free-living rhizobacteria. Plant Production Science, 4: 126–130.
Alikhani, H., Etesami, H. and Mohammadi, L. (2018). Evaluation of the Effect of Rhizospheric and Non-Rhizospheric phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria on Improving the Growth Indices of Wheat under Salinity and Drought Stress. Journal of Sol Biology, 6 (1), 1-14. (In Farsi).
Alikhani, H., Emami, S. and Etesami, H. (2021). Periphyton and its key role in paddy fildes and environmental health, Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 52 (2), 451-467.
Aloo, B.N., Makumba, B.A. and Mbega, E.R. (2020). Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacterial Biofertilizers for Sustainable Crop Production: The Past, Present, and Future. Preprints, 2020090650 (doi: 10.20944/preprints202009.0650.v1).
Althaf, H.S. and Srinivas, P. (2013). Evaluation of plant growth promoting traits by Pseudomonas and Azotobacter Isolated from Rhizotic soils of two selected agro forestry tree species of Godavari belt region, India. Asian Journal of Experimental Biological Sciences, 4(3), 431–436.
Ambreetha, S., Chinnadurai, C., Marimuthu, P. and Balachandar, D. (2018). Plant-associated Bacillus modulates the expression of auxin-responsive genes of rice and modifies the root architecture. Rhizosphere, 5, 57:66.
AminDeldar, Z., Ehteshami, S. M. R., Shahdi Kumleh, A. and Khavazi, K. (2014). Effect of Pseudomonas Sp. Bacteria on Soil Chemical and Biological Properties, Yield and Its Components of Two Rice Cultivars. Journal of Crop Production and Processing, 4 (11), 149-160. (In Farsi).
Aminpanah, H. and Abassian. A. (2016). Effect of crop rotation, Azotobacter chroococcum inoculation and nitrogen rate on rice (Oryza sativa L.) paddy yield. Journal of Crop Production, 9(3), 211-230. (In Farsi).
Aminpanah, H. and Firouzi, S. 2019. Fertilizer Management Using Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria in Rice Fields. International Journal of Agricultural Management and Development, 9 (1), 67-76.
Amirabadi, M., Ardakani, M., Rejali, F. and Borji, M. (2010). Effects of Azotobacter chroococcum and Mycorrhizal Fungus along with Different Levels of Phosphorus on Qualitative and Morphological Characteristics of Forage Maize (KSC 704), Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 41(1), 49-56. (In Farsi).
Andjelkovi´c, S., Vasi´ca, T., Radovi´ca, J., Babi´ca, S., Markovi´ca, J., Zorni´ca, V., et al. (2018). Abundance of Azotobacter in the soil of natural and artificial grasslands. Solut Proj Sustain Soil Manage, 172.
Ansari, M. F., Tipre, D. R. and Dave, S. R. (2015). Efficiency evaluation of commercial liquid biofertilizers for growth of Cicer aeritinum (chickpea) in pot and field study. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 4, 17–24.
Ansari, R.A. and Mahmood, I. (2019a). Plant health under biotic stress: Volume 1: Organic Strategies. Springer.
Ansari, R.A. and Mahmood, I. (2019b). Plant health under biotic stress: Volume 2: Microbial Interactions. Springer.
Aquilanti, L., Favilli, F. and Clementi, F. (2004). Comparison of different strategies for isolation and preliminary identification of Azotobacter from soil samples. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36 (9), 1475–1483.
Arora N. K. (2018). Agricultural sustainability and food security. Environmental Sustainability, 1, 217–219.
Arora, M., Saxena, P., Abdin, M.Z. and Varma, A. (2018). Interaction between Piriformospora indica and Azotobacter chroococcum governs better plant physiological and biochemical parameters in Artemisia annua L. plants grown under in vitro conditions. Symbiosis, 75 (2), 103–112.
Artyszak, A. and Gozdowski, D. (2020). The effect of growth activators and plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on the soil properties, root yield, and technological quality of sugar beet. Agronomy, 10, 1262.
Aseri, G.K., Jain, N., Panwar, J., Rao, A.V. and Meghwal, P.R. (2008). Biofertilizers improve plant growth, fruit yield, nutrition, metabolism and rhizosphere enzyme activities of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) in Indian Thar Desert. Scientia Horticulture, 117 (2), 130–135.
Asghari, J., Ehteshami, S., Rajabi Darvishan, Z. and Khavazi, K. (2013). Investigation of spraying or root inoculation by Plant Growth Promoting Bacteria (PGPB) and their metabolits on morphophysiological indices, qualitative indices and yield in Hashemi cultivar of rice. Journal of Plant Process Function, 2 (4), 25-40. (In Farsi).
Asghari, J., Ehteshami, S., Rajabi Darvishan, Z. and Khavazi, K. (2014). Study of root inoculation with plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) and spraying with their metabolites on chlorophyll content, nutrients uptake and yield in rice (Hashemi cultivar). Journal of Sol Biology, 2 (1), 21-31. (In Farsi).
Azaroual, S. E., Hazzoumi, Z., El Mernissi, N., Aasfar, A., Meftah Kadmiri, I. and Bouizgarne, B. (2020). Role of inorganic phosphate solubilizing Bacilli isolated from moroccan phosphate rock mine and rhizosphere soils in wheat (Triticum aestivum L) phosphorus uptake. Current Microbiology, 77, 2391–2404.
Baars, O., Zhang, X., Morel, F. M. M. and Seyedsayamdost, M. R. (2015). The siderophore metabolome of Azotobacter vinelandii. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 82, 27–39.
Barney, B.M., Eberhart, L.J., Ohlert, J.M., Knutson, C.M. and Plunkett, M.H. (2015). Gene deletions resulting in increased nitrogen release by Azotobacter vinelandii: application of a novel nitrogen biosensor. Applied Environmental Microbiology, 81 (13), 4316–4328.
Bartholomew, W. V. (2015). Mineralization and immobilization of nitrogen in the decomposition of plant and animal residues. In W. V. Bartholomew and F. E. Clark (eds) Soil Nitrogen. (pp. 285-306). New York, NY: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Bashan, Y., de-Bashan, L. E., Prabhu, S. R., and Hernandez, J.-P. (2014). Advances in plant growth-promoting bacterial inoculant technology: formulations and practical perspectives (1998–2013). Plant Soil, 378, 1–33.
Banayo, N. P. M., Cruz, P.C.S., Aguilar, E. A.2, Badayos, R.B. and Stephan Haefele, M. (2012). Evaluation of Biofertilizers in Irrigated Rice: Effects on Grain Yield at Different Fertilizer Rates. Agriculture, 2, 73-86.
Balajee, S. and Mahadevan, A. (1999). Influence of chloroaromatic substances on the biological activity of Azotobacter chroococcum. Chemosphere, 21(1–2), 51–56.
Banik, A., Mukhopadhaya, S.K. and Dangar, T.K. (2016). Characterization of N2-fixing plant growth promoting endophytic and epiphytic bacterial community of Indian cultivated and wild rice (Oryza spp.) genotypes. Planta, 243, 799:812.
Banik, A., Dash, G.K., Swain, P., Kumar, U., Mukhopadhyay, S.K. and Dangar, T.K. (2019). Application of rice (Oryza sativa L.) root endophytic diazotrophic Azotobacter sp. strain Avi2 (MCC 3432) can increase rice yield under green house and field condition. Microbiological Research, 219, 56–65.
Baral, B.R. and Adhikari, P. (2013). Effect of Azotobacter on growth and yield of maize. SAARC Journal of Agriculture, 11 (2), 141–147.
Barker, A. V., Pilbeam, D. J., Hopkins, B. G. and Hopkins, B. G. (2015). Phosphorus. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
Basu, A., Prasad, P., Das, S.N., Kalam, S., Sayyed, R.Z., Reddy, M.S. and El Enshasy, H. (2021). Plant Growth
Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) as Green Bioinoculants: Recent Developments, Constraints, and Prospects. Sustainability, 13, 1140.
Becking, J. H. (2006). The family Azotobacteraceae. In M. Dworkin, S. Falkow, E. Rosenberg, K.-H. Schleifer, and E. Stackebrandt (eds), The Prokaryotes: Proteobacteria: Gamma Subclass (Vol6). (pp. 759-783). New York, NY: Springer
Behl, R.K., Sharma, H., Kumar, V. and Narula, N. (2003). Interactions amongst mycorrhiza, Azotobacter chroococcum and root characteristics of wheat varieties. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science, 189 (3), 151–155.
Bellenger, J.P., Wichard, T., Kustka, A.B. and Kraepiel, A.M.L. (2008). Uptake of molybdenum and vanadium by a nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium using siderophores. Natural Geoscience, 1 (4), 243–246.
Bhardwaj, D., Ansari, M. W., Sahoo, R. K. and Tuteja N. (2014). Biofertilizers function as a key player in sustainable agriculture by improving soil fertility, plant tolerance and crop productivity. Microbial Cell Factories, 13, 66.
Bhattacharyya, P. and Jha, D. (2012). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR): emergence in agriculture. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 28: 1327–1350.
Brenner, D. J., Staley, J. T. and Krieg, N. R. (2005). Classification of prokaryotic organisms and the concept of bacterial speciation. In D. J. Brenner, N. R. Krieg, J. T. Staley, and G. M. Garrity (eds), Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology: The Proteobacteria, Part A Introductory Essays (Vol 2). (pp. 27-32). Boston, MA: Springer.
Brewin, B., Woodley, P. and Drummond, M. (1999). The basis of ammonium release in nifL mutants of Azotobacter vinelandii. Journal of Bacteriology, 181, 7356–7362.
Cavite H.J.M., Mactal A.G., Evangelista E.V. and Cruz J.A. 2021. Growth and Yield Response of Upland Rice to Application of Plant Growth-Promoting Rhizobacteria. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 40, 494-508.
Chang, W. S., Van De Mortel, M., Nielsen, L., De Guzman, G. N., Li, X. and Halverson, L. J. (2007). Alginate production by Pseudomonas putida creates a hydrated microenvironment and contributes to biofilm architecture and stress tolerance under water-limiting conditions. Journal of Bacteriology, 189, 8290–8299.
Chaudhary, D., Narula, N., Sindhu, S. S. and Behl, R. K. (2013). Plant growth stimulation of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) by inoculation of salinity tolerant Azotobacter strains. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 19, 515–519.
Chen, S.L., Tasil, M. K., Huang, Y. M. and Huang, C.H. (2018). Diversity and characterization of Azotobacter isolates obtained from rice rhizosphere soils in Taiwan. Annals of Microbiology, 68, 17–26.
Chennappa, G., Adkar-Purushothama, C.R., Suraj, U., Tamilvendan, K. and Sreenivasa, M.Y. (2013). Pesticide tolerant Azotobacter isolates from paddy growing areas of northern Karnataka, India. World Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology, 30, 1–7.
Chennappa, G., Adkar-Purushothama, C.R., Naik, M.K. and Sreenivasa, M.Y. (2014). Impact of pesticides on PGPR activity of Azotobacter sp. isolated from pesticide flooded paddy soils. Greener Journal of Biologizal Sciences, 4 (4)117–129.
Chennappa, G., Naik, M.K., Adkar-Purushothama, C.R., Amaresh, Y.S. and Sreenivasa, M.Y. (2016). PGPR, abiotic stress tolerant and antifungal activity of Azotobacter sp. isolated from paddy soils. Indian Journal of Experimental Biology, 54,322–331
Chennappa, G., Sreenivasa, M.Y. and Nagaraja, H. (2018). Azotobacter salinestris: A Novel Pesticide-Degrading and Prominent Biocontrol PGPR Bacteria. In: Panpatte D., Jhala Y., Shelat H., Vyas R. (eds), Microorganisms for Green Revolution. Microorganisms for Sustainability (Vol 7). Springer, Singapore.
Chennappa G., Naik M.K., Amaresh Y.S., Nagaraja H. and Sreenivasa M.Y. (2017). Azotobacter: A Potential Biofertilizer and Bioinoculants for Sustainable Agriculture. In: Panpatte D., Jhala Y., Vyas R., Shelat H. (eds) Microorganisms for Green Revolution. Microorganisms for Sustainability (Vol 6). Springer, Singapore.
Choudhury, A.T.M.A. and Kennedy, I.R. (2004). Prospects and potentials for systems of biological nitrogen fixation in sustainable rice production. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 39, 219–227.
Creus, C. M., Sueldo, R. J. and Barassi, C. A. (2004). Water relations and yield in Azospirillum inoculated wheat exposed to drought in the field. Canadian Journal of Botany, 82, 273-281.
Dabral, S., Saxena, S.C., Choudhary, D.K. et al. (2020). Synergistic inoculation of Azotobacter vinelandii and Serendipita indica augmented rice growth. Symbiosis, 81, 139–148.
Dal Cortivo, C., Ferrari, M., Visioli, G., Lauro, M., Fornasier, F., Barion, G., Panozzo, A., and Vamerali, T. (2020). Effects of Seed-Applied Biofertilizers on Rhizosphere Biodiversity and Growth of Common Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Field. Frontiers in Plant Science, 11(72), 1-14.
Das, A.C. and Saha, D. (2005). Non symbiotic nitrogen fixing bacteria influencing mineral and hydrolysable organic nitrogen in rhizosphere soil of rice (Oryza sativa). The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 75 (5), 265–269.
Das, H.K. (2019).
Azotobacters as biofertilizer.
Advances in applied Microbiology, 108, 1-43.
Deng, F., Wang, L., Ren, W.J. and Mei, X.F. (2014). Enhancing nitrogen utilization and soil nitrogen balance in paddy fields by optimizing nitrogen management and using polyaspartic acid urea. Field Crops Research, 169:30–38.
Diaz-Barrera, A. and Soto, E. (2010). Biotechnological uses of Azotobacter vinelandii: Current state, limits and prospects. African Journal of Biotechnology, 9 (33), 5240–5250.
Doni, F., Suhaimi, N.S.M., Mispan, M.S., Fathurrahman, F., Marzuki, B.M., Kusmoro, J.and Uphoff, N. (2022). Microbial Contributions for Rice Production: From Conventional Crop Management to the Use of ‘Omics’ Technologies. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23 (737): 1-22.
Ebrahimi, M., Safari Sanjani, A., Sarikhani, M.R. and AliAsgharzad, N. (2018). Isolation, identification, and determination of plant growth promoting properties of Azotobacteria isolated from soil samples North-west of Iran under different land-use. Applied Soil Research, 6(2), 27-42. (In Farsi).
Eftekhari, G., Fallah, A.R., Akbari, G.A., Mohadesi, A. and Dadi, A. 2009. The effect of phosphate solubilizing bacteria and phosphate fertilizers on the rice plant grows. Irainian Journal of Soil Research, 23 (2), 229-237. (In Farsi).
Efthimiadou, A., Katsenios, N., Chanioti, S. et al. (2020). Effect of foliar and soil application of plant growth promoting bacteria on growth, physiology, yield and seed quality of maize under Mediterranean conditions. Scientific Reports, 10, 21060.
Ehteshami, S., Amindeldar, Z., Shahdi Kumleh, A. and Ramezani, H. (2014). Effect of seed inoculation with Pseudomonas fluorescens strains on quantitative and qualitative indices of two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.), Research in Field Crop Journal, 2(1), 50-63. (In Farsi).
El-sayed, S., Hassan, H. and El-Mogy, M. (2014). Impact of Bio- and organic fertilizers on potato yield, quality and tuber weight loss after harvest. Potato Research, 58, 67–81. doi: 10.1007/s11540-014-9272-2.
Esmailpour, A., Hassanzadehdelouei, M. and Madani, A. (2013). Impact of livestock manure, nitrogen and biofertilizer (Azotobacter) on yield and yield components wheat (Triticum Aestivum L.). Cercetari Agronomice in Moldova, 46 (2), 5–15.
Estiyar, H.K., Khoei, F.R. and Behrouzyar, E.K. (2014). The effect of nitrogen biofertilizer on yield and yield components of white bean (Phaseolus vulgaris cv. Dorsa). International Journal of Biosciences, 4(11), 217–222.
Etesami, H., Mirseyed Hosseini, H. and Alikhani, H.A. (2014). Bacterial biosynthesis of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-caboxylate (ACC) deaminase, a useful trait to elongation and endophytic colonization of the roots of rice under constant flooded conditions. Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants, 20(4), 425-34.
Etesami, H. and Alikhani H.A. (2016a). Co-inoculation with endophytic and rhizosphere bacteria allows reduced application rates of N-fertilizer for rice plant.
Rhizosphere,
2, 5-12.
Etesami, H. and Alikhani H.A. (2016b). Suppression of the fungal pathogen Magnaporthe grisea by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, a seed-borne rice (Oryza sativa L.) endophytic bacterium. Archives of Agronomy and Soil Science, 62 (9), 1271-1284.
Etesami, H. and Alikhani H.A. (2017). Evaluation of Gram-positive rhizosphere and endophytic bacteria for biological control of fungal rice (Oryzia sativa L.) pathogens. European Journal of Plant Pathology, 147, 7–14.
Fallah, A., Momeni, S. and Shariati, S. (2014). Effect of PGPR Biofertilizers on the Qualitative and Quantitative Yield Parameters of Wheat (Triticum aestivum). Applied Soil Research, 2(1), 103-114. (In Farsi).
García-Fraile, P., Menéndez, E., Celador-Lera, L., Díez-Méndez, A., Jiménez-Gómez, A., Marcos-García, M., Cruz-González, X.A., Martínez-Hidalgo, P., Mateos, P.F., Rivas, R. (2017). Bacterial probiotics: A truly green revolution. In V. Kumar, M. Kumar, S. Sharma, R. Prasad, (eds), Probiotics and Plant Health (pp. 131-162). Springer: Singapore, 131–162.
Ghasemi Goaber, M., Shakouri, M.J., Daneshian, J. and Akhgar, H. (2013). Investigating the Combined Role of Ecological Bacteria on Physiological and Morphological Characteristics of Rice Hashemi Cultivar. Journal of Plant production Sciences, 2 (2), 31-36.
Gomare, K.S., Mese, M. and Shetkar, Y. (2013). Isolation of Azotobacter and cost effective production of biofertilizer. Indian Journal of Applied Research, 3 (5), 54–56.
González-López, J., Rodelas, B., Pozo, C., Salmerón-López, V., Martínez-Toledo, M.V. and Salmerón, V. (2005). Liberation of amino acids by heterotrophic nitrogen fixing bacteria. Amino Acids, 28 (4), 363–367.
Gothandapani, S., Sekar, S. and Padaria, J.C. (2017). Azotobacter chroococcum: Utilization and potential use for agricultural crop production: An overview. International Journal of Advanced Research in Biological Sciences, 4 (3), 35–42.
Govindarajan, M., Balandreau, J., Kwon, S.W., Weon, H.Y. and Lakshminarasimhan, C. (2008). Effects of the inoculation of Burkholderia vietnamensis and related endophytic diazotrophic bacteria on grain yield of rice. Microbial Ecology, 55, 21–37.
Gauri, S.S., Mandal, S.M. and Pati, B.R. (2012). Impact of Azotobacter exopolysaccharides on sustainable agriculture. Applied Microbiol Biotechnology, 95, 331–338.
Habibi, S., Djedidi, S., Ohkama-Ohtsu, N, Sarhadi, W. A., Kojima, K., Rallos, R. V., Ramirez, M. D. A., Yamaya H., Sekimoto H. and Yokoyama, T. (2019). Isolation and Screening of Indigenous Plant Growth-promoting Rhizobacteria from Different Rice Cultivars in Afghanistan Soils. Microbes and Environments, 34 (4), 347-355.
Hafez, M., Elbarbary, T. A., Ibrahim, I. and Abdel-Fatah, Y. (2016). Azotobacter vinelandii evaluation and optimization of Abu Tartur Egyptian phosphate ore dissolution. Saudi Journal of Pathology and Microbiology, 1, 80–93.
Hakeem, K.R., Sabir, M., Ozturk, M., Akhtar, M.S., Ibrahim, F.H., Ashraf, M. and Ahmad, M.S.A. (2016). Nitrate and nitrogen oxides: sources, health effects and their remediation. In: Reviews of environmental contamination and toxicology. (pp. 183–217). Cham, Springer.
Hassen, M. I., Pierneef, R., Swanevelder, Z. H. and Bopape, F. L. (2020). Microbial and functional diversity of Cyclopia intermedia rhizosphere microbiome revealed by analysis of shotgun metagenomics sequence data. Data Brief, 32:106288.
Hayat, R., Ali, S., Amara, U., Khalid, R. and Ahmed, I. (2010). Soil beneficial bacteria and their role in plant growth promotion: a review. Annals Microbiology, 60 (4), 579–598.
Herter, S., Schmidt, M. and Thompson, M.L. (2011) A new phenol oxidase produced during melanogenesis and encystment stage in the nitrogen-fixing soil bacterium Azotobacter chroococcum. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol, 90, 1037–1049.
Heydarzadeh, S., Jalilian, J., Pirzad, A. and Jamei, R. (2018). The Effect of Biofertilizers on Some Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Vetch Maragheh (Vicia sp.) under Rainfed and Supplementary Irrigation. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 28(3), 187-208. (In Farsi).
Ilkaei, M.N., Mehri, S., Espidkar, Z. and Ansari, M.H. (2018). Effect of plant growth simulating bacteria on yield and yield components of rice under different vermicompost level. Crop Physiology Journal, 38 (10), 95-110. (In Farsi).
Izan, T., Javanmard, A., Shekari, F. and Abbasi, A. (2020). Evaluation of Yield, Yield Components and Some Physiological Traits of Sunflower with Integrative Application of Biological, Chemical, and Organic Fertilizers under Different Irrigation Levels. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30(3), 87-111. (In Farsi).
Javan Gholiloo, M., Yarnia, M., Hassanzadeh Ghorttapeh, A., Farahvash, F. and Daneshian, A. (2020). The reaction of Valerian to the application of bio-fertilizers under drought stress, Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30 (4), 59-72. (In Farsi).
Jaipaul, S., Dixit, A. and Sharma, A. (2011). Growth and yield of capsicum (Capsicum annum) and garden pea (Pisum sativum) as influenced by organic manures and biofertilizers. The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 81, 637–642.
Jean, M.E., Phalyvong, K., Forest-Drolet, J. and Bellenger, J. P. (2013). Molybdenum and phosphorus limitation of asymbiotic nitrogen fixation in forests of Eastern Canada: influence of vegetative cover and seasonal variability. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 67, 140–146.
Jiménez, D.J., Montaña, J.S. and Martínez, M.M. (2011). Characterization of free nitrogen fixing bacteria of the genus Azotobacter in organic vegetable-grown Colombian soils. Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, 42, 846–858.
Jnawali, A.D., Ojha, R.B. and Marahatta, S. (2015). Role of Azotobacter in soil fertility and sustainability–A review. Advances in Plants and Agricultural Research, 2 (6), 1–5.
Joshi, P. M. and Juwarkar, A. A. (2009). In vivo studies to elucidate the role of extracellular polymeric substances from Azotobacter in immobilization of heavy metals. Environmental Science and Technology, 43, 5884–5889.
Kamil, P., Yami, K.D. and Singh, A. (2008). Plant Growth Promotional Effect of Azotobacter chroococcum, Piriformospora indica and Vermicompost on Rice Plant. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology. 9, 85–90.
Kanungo, P.K., Adhya, T.K. and Rao, V.R. (1995). Influence of repeated applications of
carbofuran on nitrogenase activity and nitrogen – fixing bacteria associated
with rhizosphere of tropical rice. Chemosphere, 31(5), 3249–3257.
Karami, R., Karami, R., Majidian, M. and Moshtaghi, M. (2020). Integrated Application of Biofertilizers and Chemical N and P on Quantitative and Qualitative Characteristics of Male-Streile Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. PVH19). Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30 (3), 113-131. (In Farsi).
Kasa, P., Modugapalem, H. and Battini, K. (2015). Isolation, screening, and molecular characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria isolates of Azotobacter and Trichoderma and their beneficial activities.
Kennedy, C., Rudnick, P., Mac Donald, M. L. and Melton, T. (2015). Azotobacter. In M. E. Trujillo, S. Dedysh, P. DeVos, B. Hedlund, P. KRampfer, F. A. Rainey and W. B. Whitman (eds), Bergey’s Manual of Systematics of Archaea and Bacteria. (pp. 1-33). Atlanta, GA: American Cancer Society
Kennedy, I. R., Choudhury, A. T. M. and Kecskés, M. L. (2004). Non-symbiotic bacterial diazotrophs in crop-farming systems: can their potential for plant growth promotion be better exploited?. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 36, 1229–1244.
Khan, Z., Tiyagi, S.A., Mahmood, I. and Rizvi, R. (2012). Effects of N fertilisation, organic matter, and biofertilisers on the growth and yield of chilli in relation to management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Turkish Journal of Botany, 36 (1), 73–81.
Khan, M., Ahmad, E., Zaidi, A. and Oves, M. (2013). Functional aspect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria: importance in crop production. In D. Maheshwari, M. Saraf, and A. Aeron (eds), Bacteria in Agrobiology: Crop Productivity (pp 237-263). Berlin, Springer
Khodadadi, R., Ghorbani-Nasrabadi, R., olamaee, M. and movahedi Naeini, S. (2019). Isolation and screening of native Azotobacter from salt affected soils and measurement of their growth promoting properties. Applied Soil Research, 7(2), 109-122. (In Farsi).
Khosravi, H. (2016). Evaluation of Inoculation of Selected Strains of Native Azotobacter chroococcum on Wheat Growth. Journal of Sol Biology, 3(2), 129-136. (In Farsi).
Khosravi, H., Tavasoli, A., Sedri, M., Ziaeain, A., Zabihi, H. and Montazeri, E. (2015). Effects of Inoculation of Native Azotobacter on Yeild and Growth Indices of Wheat in Iran. Journal of Soil Biology, 2(2), 149-157. (In Farsi).
Khosravi, H. (2021). Evaluation of Plant Growth-Promoting Properties of Native Azotobacter Isolates and the Effect of their Inoculation under Salinity Stress on Growth of Forage Maize. Journal of Sol Biology, (Article in press). (In Farsi).
Kizilkaya, R. (2009). Nitrogen fixation capacity of Azotobacter spp. strains isolated from soils in different ecosystems and relationship between them and the microbiological properties of soils. Journal of Environmental Biology, 30, 73–82.
Kour D., Rana K. L., Yadav A.N., Yadav, N., Kumar M., Kumar V., Vyas P., Dhaliwal H. S. and Saxena A. K. (2020). Microbial biofertilizers: Bioresources and eco-friendly technologies for agricultural and environmental sustainability. Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 23 (101487), 1-11.
Kraepiel, A., Bellenger, J., Wichard, T. and Morel, F. (2009). Multiple roles of siderophores in free living nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Biometals, 22, 573–581.
Kumar, S., Bauddh, K., Barman, S.C. and Singh, R.P. (2014). Amendments of microbial biofertilizers and organic substances reduces requirement of urea and DAP with enhanced nutrient availability and productivity of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Ecological Engineering, 71:432–437.
Kumawat, N., Kumar, R., Kumar, S. and Meena, V. S. (2017). Nutrient solubilizing microbes (NSMs): its role in sustainable crop production bt – agriculturally important microbes for sustainable agriculture: volume 2: applications in crop production and protection. In V. S. Meena, P. K. Mishra, J. K. Bisht, and A. Pattanayak (eds), Applications in Crop Production and Protection. (pp. 25-61). Singapore, Springer.
Kurrey, D.K., Sharma, R., Lahre, M.K. and Kurrey, R.L. (2018). Effect of Azotobacter on physio-chemical characteristics of soil in onion field. The Pharma Innovation Journal, 7 (2), 108–113.
Kyaw, E.P., Soe, M.M., San San Yu, Z.K.L. and Lynn, T.M. (2019) Study on plant growth promoting activities of azotobacter isolates for sustainable agriculture in Myanmar. Journal of Biotechnology and Bioresearch, 1 (5), 1–6.
Lalitha, S. )2017(. Plant growth–promoting microbes: a boon for sustainable agriculture. In Dhanarajan, A. (Ed), Sustainable Agriculture towards Food Security. (pp. 125–158) .Springer Singapore, Singapore.
Lara-López, I. M. and Geiger, O. (2017). Bacterial lipid diversity. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, 1862, 1287–1299.
Latef, A. A. H. A., Alhmad, M. F. A., Kordrostami, M., Abo-Baker, A. B. A. E. and Zakir, A. (2020). Inoculation with Azospirillum lipoferum or Azotobacter chroococcum reinforces maize growth by improving physiological activities under saline conditions. Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 39, 1293–1306.
Lavakush, L., Yadav, J., Verma, J.P., Jaiswal, D.K. and Kumar, A. (2014). Evaluation of PGPR and different concentration of phosphorus level on plant growth, yield and nutrient content of rice (Oryza sativa). Ecological Engineering, 62: 123–128.
Leylasi Marand, M. and Sarikhani, M. (2017). Investigation of Nitrogen Fixation Efficiency of Some Azotobacter Isolates by Maize Inoculation. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 27(4), 51-63. (In Farsi).
Leylasi Marand, M. and Sarikhani, M. (2018). Evaluation of Biological Nitrogen Fixation by Azotobacter Isolates in Solid and Liquid LG Medium by Kjeldahl method. Water and Soil Science, 28 (2), 207-218. (In Farsi).
Lenart, A. (2012). Occurrence, characteristics, and genetic diversity of Azotobacter chroococcum in various soils of Southern Poland. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 21 (2), 415–424.
Macik, M., Gryta, A., Frac, M. (2020). Biofertilizers in agriculture: An overview on concepts, strategies and effects on soil microorganisms. In Sparks, D.L. (Ed), Advances in Agronomy. (Vol. 162) (pp. 31-87). Cambridge, MA, USA
Mal, B., Mahapatra, P. and Mohanty, S. (2014). Effect of Diazotrophs and Chemical Fertilizers on Production and Economics of Okra (Abelmoschus esculentus. L.) Cultivars. American Journal of Plant Sciences, 05, 168–174.
Mamnabia, S., Nasrollahzadeh, S., Ghassemi-Golezani, G. and Raei, Y. (2020). Morpho-Physiological traits, grain and oil yield of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) affected by drought stress and chemical and bio-fertilizers. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30 (3), 359-378. (In Farsi).
Martinez, T., Salmeron, M.V. and Gonzalez, L. (1992). Effects of an organophosphorus insecticide, profenofos on agricultural soil microflora. Chemosphere, 24(1), 71–80.
Masahi, S., Naderi, D. and Baharlouei, J. (2018). Effect of biofertilizers on growth and biochemical characteristics of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea Schreb.) under different levels of salinity. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 28(1), 79-95.
Maheshwari, D.K., Dubey, R.C., Aeron, A., Kumar, B., Kumar, S., Tewari, S. and Arora, N.K. (2012). Integrated approach for disease management and growth enhancement of Sesamum indicum L. utilizing Azotobacter chroococcum TRA2 and chemical fertilizer. World Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology, 28 (10), 3015–3024.
McRose, D.L., Baars, O., Seyedsayamdost, M.R. and Morel, F.M. (2018). Quorum sensing and iron regulate a two-for-one siderophore gene cluster in Vibrio harveyi. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 115 (29), 7581–7586.
Mehnaz, S. (2016). An overview of globally available bioformulations. In N. Arora, S. Mehnaz, R. Balestrini, (eds), Bioformulations: For Sustainable Agriculture. (pp. 268-281). Springer: New Delhi, India.
Meshram, S.U. and Shende, S.T. (1982). Response of Maize to Azotobacter chroococcum. Plant and Soil, 69, 265–273.
Mohammadian, M., astaraei, A., Lakzian, A., Emami, H. and Kavoosi, M. (2020). Evaluation and Comparison of the Effects of Different Application Methods and Sources of Nitrogen on Nitrogen Use Efficiency of Hashemi Rice Variety. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 34(1), 1-16. (In Farsi).
Mohammadinejhad- Babandeh, S.N., Doroodian, H.R. and Besharati, H. (2012). Effect of bio-bacteria (Azetobacter, Azorhizoboum, Azospirilium) on yield and yield components of Rice in Bandar-Anzali, North of Iran. Research Journal of Biological science, 7 (6), 244-249.
MollaJafari, J., Ansari, M.H. and Asadi Rahmani, H. (2017). Effect of Azolla compost on qualitative and quantitative parameters of rice under PGPRs inoculated. Applied Soil Research, 4(2), 91-104. (In Farsi).
Moslehi, N., Niknejad, Y. Fallah Amoli, H. and Kheyri, N. 2016. Effect of integerated application of chemical, organic and biological biofertilizr on some of the morphophysiological traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.) Tarom Hashemi cultivar. Crop Physiology Journal, 8 (30), 87-103. (In Farsi).
Muthayya, S., Sugimoto, J.D., Montgomery, S. and Maberly, G.F. (2014). An overview of global rice production, supply, trade, and consumption. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1324, 7–14.
Myresiotis, C.K., Vryzas, Z. and Mourkidou, E.P. (2012). Biodegradation of soil applied pesticides by selected strains of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and their effects on bacterial growth. Biodegradation, 23,297–310.
Nagaraja, H., Chennappa, G., Rakesh, S., Naik, M.K., Amaresh, Y.S. and Sreenivasa, M.Y. (2016). Antifungal activity of Azotobacter nigricans against trichothecene-producing Fusarium species associated with cereals. Food Science and Biotechnology, 25(4):1197–1204.
Nakisa, N., Besharati, H. and Doroudian, H. (2015). Effect of Bacillus subtilis and TSP on Yield and Yield Components of Two Rice Varieties (Ali Kazemy and Hashemy). Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 29 (3), 259-268. (In Farsi).
Narula, N., Kumar, V., Behl, R., Deubel, A., Gransee, A. and Merbach, W. (2000). Effect of P-solubilization (Azotobacter chroococcum) on N, P, K uptake in P-responsive wheat genotypes grown under greenhouse condition. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science, 163, 393–398.
Naseri, R. and Mirzaei, A. (2010). Response of yield and yield components of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) to seed inoculation with Azotobacter and Azospirillum and different nitrogen levels under dry Land Conditions. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 9 (4): 445-449.
Ngalimat, M.S., Mohd Hata, E., Zulperi, D., Ismail, S.I., Ismail, M.R., Mohd Zainudin, N.A.I., Saidi, N.B. and Yusof, M.T. (2021). Plant growth-promoting bacteria as an emerging tool to manage bacterial rice pathogens. Microorganisms, 9 (682): 1-23.
Nemati, A., Gholchin, A. and Besharati, H. (2015). Effects of Biological Fertilizers on Yield and Growth Indices of Tomato in Cd Contaminated Soil. Iranian Journal of Soil Research, 29(1), 23-36. (In Farsi).
Niknejad, Y., Daneshian, J., Shirani Rad, A., Pirdashti, H. and Arzanesh, M. (2016). Evaluation the efficiency of growth promoting bacteria on yield and yield components of rice under deficit irrigation and reduced rates of nitrogen. Applied Field Crops Research, 29(3), 9-19. (In Farsi).
Nosrati, R., Owlia, P., Saderi, H., Rasooli, I., and Ali Malboobi, M. (2014). Phosphate solubilization characteristics of efficient nitrogen fixing soil Azotobacter strains. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 6, 285–295.
Omer, A., Emara, H., Zaghloul, R., Abdel, M. and Dawwam, G. (2016). Potential of Azotobacter salinestris as plant growth promoting rhizobacteria under saline stress conditions. Research Journal of Pharmaceutical, Biological and Chemical Sciences, 7, 2572–2583.
Ortiz-Marquez, J.C.F., Do Nascimento, M., Dublan, M.D.L.A. and Curatti, L. (2012). Association with an ammonium-excreting bacterium allows diazotrophic culture of oil-rich eukaryotic microalgae. Applied Environmental of Microbiology, 78, 2345–2352.
Özen, A.I. and Ussery, D.W. (2012). Defining the Pseudomonas genus: where do we draw the line with Azotobacter?. Microbiol Ecology, 63,239–248.
Qaisrani, M. M., Zaheer, A., Mirza, M. S., Naqqash, T., Qaisrani, T. B.,Hanif, M. K., et al. (2019). A comparative study of bacterial diversity based on culturable and culture-independent techniques in the rhizosphere of maize (Zea mays L.). Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 26, 1344–1351.
Parmar, N. and Dadarwal, K.R. (1999). Stimulation of nitrogen fixation and induction of flavonoid-like compounds by rhizobacteria. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 86 (1), 36–44.
Ponmurugan, K., Sankaranarayanan, A. and Al-Dharbi, N. A. (2012). Biological activities of plant growth promoting Azotobacter sp. isolated from vegetable crops rhizosphere soils. Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 6, 1689–1698.
Prajapati, K., Yami, K.D. and Singh, A. (2008). Plant growth promotional effect of
Azotobacter chroococcum, Piriformospora indica and vermicompost on rice plant. Nepal Journal of Science and Technology, 9, 85–90.
Puertas, A. and Gonzales, L.M. (1999). Aislamiento de cepas nativas de Azotobacter chroococcum en la provincia Granmay evaluacion de su actividad estimuladora en plantulas de tomate. Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, 20, 5–7.
Qi, D., Wu, Q. and Zhu, J. 2020. Nitrogen and phosphorus losses from paddy fields and the yield of rice with different water and nitrogen management practices. Scientific Reports, 10: 9734, 1-12.
Raei, Y., Sayyadi Ahmadabad, M., Ghassemi-Golezani, K. and Ghassemi, S. (2020). The Effect of Biological and Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizers on Pinto Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) and Black Mustard (Brasassica nigra L.) Intercropping. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30(3), 21-40. (In Farsi).
Rahimi, L., Aliasgharzad, N., Oustan, S. and Farajzadeh, D. (2012). Effects of Microbial Siderophores Produced by Native Azotobacter chroococcum Strains on Micronutrients Uptake by Wheat Plant. Water and Soil Science, 22 (2), 27-40. (In Farsi).
Rajabi Agereh, S. (2016). Investigation the role of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on concentraition of some elements nutrition under irrigation with saline water in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Journal of Soil Management and Sustainable Production, 5(3), 177-190. (In Farsi).
Rajaee, S., Alikhani, H.A. and Raeisi, F. (2007). Effect of growth stimulant potentials of native strains of Azotobacter chroococcum on growth, yield and nutrient uptake of wheat. Science and Technology of Agriculture and Natural Resources, 11 (41), 285-296. (In Farsi).
Rana, K. L., Kour, D., Kaur, T., Devi, R., Yadav, A. N., Yadav N., et al. (2020). Endophytic microbes: biodiversity, plant growth-promoting mechanisms and potential applications for agricultural sustainability. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 113, 1075–1107.
Revillas, J.J., Rodelas, B., Pozo, C., Toledo, M.V. and Gonalez-Lopez, J. (2000). Production of B-group vitamins by two Azotobacter strains with phenolic compounds as sole carbon source under diazotrophic and adiazotrophic conditions. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 89,486–493.
Richardson, A. E., Barea, J.-M., McNeill, A. M. and Prigent-Combaret, C. (2009). Acquisition of phosphorus and nitrogen in the rhizosphere and plant growth promotion by microorganisms. Plant and Soil, 321, 305–339.
Rojas-Tapias, D., Moreno-Galván, A., Pardo-Díaz, S., Obando, M., Rivera, D. and Bonilla, R. (2012). Effect of inoculation with plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) on amelioration of saline stress in maize (Zea mays). Applied Soil Ecology, 61, 264–272.
Romero-Perdomo, F., Abril, J., Camelo, M., Moreno-Galván, A., Pastrana, I., RojasTapias, D. and Bonilla, R. (2017). Azotobacter chroococcum as a potentially useful bacterial biofertilizer for cotton (Gossypium hirsutum): Effect in reducing N fertilization. Revista Argentina de Microbiología, 49 (4), 377–383.
Ruzzi, M. and Aroca, R. (2015). Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria act as biostimulants in horticulture. Scientia Horticulturae, 196, 124–134.
Saeed, K., Ahmed, S. A., Hassan, I. A., and Ahmed, P. H. (2015). Effect of biofertilizer and chemical fertilizer on growth and yield in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) in green house condition. American-Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, 15, 353–358.
Saeidi, M., Raei, Y., Amini, R., Taghizadeh, A. and Pasban Eslam, B. (2018). Evaluation of yield and protein content of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in intercropping with Faba bean (Vicia faba L.) under biological and chemical fertilizers, Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 28(4), 247-260. (In Farsi).
Saha, B., Saha, S., Das, A., Bhattacharyya, P., Basak, N., Sinha, A., et al. (2017). Biological nitrogen fixation for sustainable agriculture. V. S. Meena et al. (eds), in Agriculturally Important Microbes for Sustainable Agriculture. (pp. 81-128). Singapore: Springer.
Sahoo, R.K., Ansari, M.W., Pradhan, M., Dangar, T.K., Mohanty, S. and Tuteja, N. 2014. A novel Azotobacter vinellandii (SRIAz3) functions in salinity stress tolerance in rice. Plant Signaling & Behavior, 9(7), e29377.
Sahoo, R.K., Ansari, M.W., Dangar, T.K., Mohanty, S. and Tuteja, N. (2014). Phenotypic and molecular characterisation of efficient nitrogenfixing Azotobacter strains from rice fields for crop improvement. Protoplasma, 251, 511–523.
Sammauria, R., Kumawat, S., Kumawat, P., Singh, J. and Jatwa, T.K. 2020. Microbial inoculants: Potential tool for sustainability of agricultural production systems. Archives of Microbiology, 202, 677–693.
Samuel, S. and Muthukkaruppan, S.M. (2011). Characterization of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria and fungi associated with rice, mangrove and effluent contaminated soil. Current Botany, 2 (3), 22–25.
Sandhya, V. Z. A. S., Grover, M., Reddy, G. and Venkateswarlu, B. (2009). Alleviation of drought stress effects in sunflower seedlings by the exopolysaccharides producing Pseudomonas putida strain GAP-P45. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 46, 17–26.
Sarkar, A., Mandal, A. R., Prasad, P. H., Maity, T. K., Chandra, B., Viswavidyalaya, K., et al. (2010). Influence of nitrogen and biofertilizer on growth and yield of cabbage. Journal of Crop and Weed, 6, 72–73.
Sarkodee-Addo, E., Tokiwa, C., Bonney, P., Aboagye, D.A., Yeboah, A., Abebrese, S.O., Bam, R., Nartey, E.K., Okazaki, S. and Yasuda, M. (2021). Biofertilizer Activity of Azospirillum sp. B510 on the Rice Productivity in Ghana. Microorganisms, 9 (2000), 1-14.
Sarma, I., Phookan, D. B. and Boruah, S. (2015). Influence of manures and biofertilizers on carrot (Daucus carota L.) cv. Early Nantes growth, yield and quality. Journal of Ecofriendly Agriculture, 10, 25–27.
Segura, D., Núñez, C. and Espín, G. (2014). “Azotobacter Cysts,” in eLS, ed. John Wiley & Sons, Ltd (Chichester: Wiley).
Seyedneghad, M., Motamedi, H. and Soleimani, A. (2017). Identification of bacterial endophytes from champa rice cultivar and study of their effects on growth properties of host plant. Agricultural Biotechnology Journal, 9 (1), 31-48. (In Farsi).
Seyed Sharifi, R., Ganbari, P., Khavazi, K. and Kamari, H. (2016). Study of interaction between nitrogen and biofertilizers on yield, grain growth of wheat and fertilizer use efficiency. Journal of Soil Biology, 4(1), 1-14. (In Farsi).
Shahdi Kumleh, A. (2020). Effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPRs) on soil chemical properties in a clover- rice cropping system. Journal of Soil and Water Resources Conservation, 9(4), 89-106. (In Farsi).
Shahsavarpour Lendeh, K., Pirdashti, H. and Bakhshandeh, E. (2018). Effect of different methods of inoculations with a native plant growth promoting bacteria on some vegetative characteristics and yield of rice (cv. ‘Tarom Hashemi’) under different levels of potassium fertilizer. Journal of Crops Improvement, 20 (1), 235-247. (In Farsi).
Shariati, S. and Alikhani, H. (2015). The application of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria inoculants on certain growth indices and nutrient uptake in maize. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 24 (4), 45-59. (In Farsi).
Shariati, S., Alikhani, H.A. and Shariati, S. (2019). The use of plant growth promotion bacteria inoculants Pseudomonas fluorescens in increasing growth and nutrient uptake in wheat. Applied Soil Research, 7(1), 165-176. (In Farsi).
Sharifi, P. and Amiryusefi, M. (2017). Effects of Nitrogen and Azotobacter on Yield and Yield components of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cv. Roushan. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 27(2), 125-144.
Sharma, S. B., Sayyed, R. Z., Trivedi, M. H. and Gobi, T. A. (2013). Phosphate solubilizing microbes: sustainable approach for managing phosphorus deficiency in agricultural soils. Springer plus, 2:587.
Shen, F.T., Yen, J.H., Liao, C.S., Chen, W.C. and Chao, Y.T. (2019). Screening of rice endophytic biofertilizers with fungicide tolerance and plant growth-promoting characteristics. Sustainability, 11 (1133), 1-13.
Shirinbayan, S., Khosravi, H. and Malakouti, M. J. (2019). Alleviation of drought stress in maize (Zea mays) by inoculation with Azotobacter strains isolated from semi-arid regions. Applied Soil Ecology, 133, 138–145.
Shrivastava, R., Shrivastava, A. K. and Dewangan N. (2015). Combined application of Azotobacter and Urea to improve growth of rice (Oryza sativum). IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology, 3 (1), 67-72.
Shultana, R., Zuan, A. T. K., Yusop, M. R., Saud, H. M. and Ayanda, A. F. (2020). Effect of salt-tolerant bacterial inoculations on rice seedlings differing in salt-tolerance under saline soil conditions. Agronomy, 10 (7), 1030.
Siddiqui, A., Shivle, R., Magodiya, N. and Tiwari, K. (2014). Mixed effect of Rhizobium and Azotobacter as biofertilizer on nodulation and production of chick pea, Cicer arietinum. Bioscience Biotechnology Research Communications, 7, 46–49.
Singh, F., Kumar, R. and Pal, S. (2008). Integrated nutrient management in rice–wheat cropping system for sustainable productivity. Journal of the Indian Society of Soil Science, 56 (2), 205–208.
Singh, S. K., Sharma, H. R., Shukla, A., Singh, U. and Thakur, A. (2015b). Effect of biofertilizers and mulch on growth, yield and quality of tomato in mid-hills of Himachal Pradesh. International Journal of Farm Sciences, 5, 98–110.
Spaepen, S., Vanderleyden, J. and Remans, R. (2007). Indole 3 acetic acid in microbial and microorganism plant signaling. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 31:425–448.
Soleimani Fard, A., Naseri Rad, H., Naseri, R. and Piri, E. (2013). Effect of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) on Phenological Traits, Grain Yield and Yield Components of Three Maize (Zea mays L.) Cultivars. Journal of Crop Ecophysiology, 7 (25), 71-90. (In Farsi).
Soleimanzadeh, H. and Gooshchi, F. (2013). Effects of Azotobacter and nitrogen chemical fertilizer on yield and yield components of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). World Applied Science Journal, 21 (8), 1176–1180.
Soodaee Mashaee, S., Aliasgharzad, N., Nehmatzade, G. and Soltani, N. (2015). Quantitative and Qualitative Evaluation of Auxin (IAA) Production Potential of Cyanobacteria, Isolated from Guilan Paddy Fields. Iranian Journal of Soil and Water Research, 46 (3), 589-596. (In Farsi).
Soodaee Mashaee, S., Nematzadeh, G., Aliasgharzad, N. and Soltani, N. (2016). Physiological Study of Soil-Born Cyanobacteria of Rice Fields in Guilan and Application of Efficient Strains in Improving Growth and Yield of Rice. Water and Soil Science, 26 (1-1), 247-258. (In Farsi).
Soodaee Mashaee, S., Aliasgharzad, N., Nematzadeh, G. and Soltani, N. (2019). Phosphate solubilizing efficiency of cyanobacteria isolated from paddy soil and their effects on rice (Oriza sativa L.) yield and phosphorus uptake. Journal of Sol Biology, 7(2), 211-223. (In Farsi).
Song, Y., Li, Z., Liu, J. et al. (2021) Evaluating the Impacts of Azotobacter chroococcum Inoculation on Soil Stability and Plant Property of Maize Crop. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. (Accepted).
Sorouri, M., Ehteshami, S., Rabiei, M. and Ramezani, M. (2016). Effect of different strains of Azotobacter chroococcum on morphophysiologic traits and yield components of rapeseed (Brassica napus L). Applied Soil Research, 3(2), 72-85. (In Farsi).
Suba Rao, N. S. (1988). Biofertilizers in agriculture. (p. 208). Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi.
Sumbul, A., Ansari, R. A., Rizvi, R. and Mahmood, I. (2020). Azotobacter: A potential bio-fertilizer for soil and plant health management. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences, 27: 3634–3640.
Tilak, K. and Sharma, K.C. (2007). Does Azotobacter help in increasing the yield. Indian Farm Digest, 9, 25–28.
Uribe, D., Sánchez-Nieves, J. and Vanegas, J. (2010). Role of microbial biofertilizers in the development of a sustainable agriculture in the Tropics. In P. Dion, (Ed), Soil Biology and Agriculture in the Tropics. (pp. 235-250). Springer: Berlin/Heidelberg, Germany.
Vatanpour, Z., Motafakker Azad, R., Jahanbakhsh Godeh Kahriz, S., Movafeghi, A. and Sabzie Nojah Deh, M. (2020). Effect of Inoculation of Growth-Enhancing Bacteria on Grain Yield and Physiological Characteristics of two Cultivars of Bread Wheat Treated with Cadmium Chloride. Journal of Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production, 30 (3), 147-168. (In Farsi).
Verma, S., Kumar, V., Narula, N. and Merbach, W. (2001). Studies on in vitro production of antimicrobial substances by Azotobacter chroococcum isolates/mutants/In vitro-Produktion von antimikrobiellen Substanzen durch Azotobacter chroococcum-Isolate/Mutanten. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz. Journal of Plant Diseases and Protection, 152–165.
Villa, J.A., Ray, E.E. and Barney, B.M. (2014). Azotobacter vinelandii siderophore can provide nitrogen to support the culture of the green algae Neochloris oleoabundans and Scenedesmus sp. BA032. FEMS Microbiology Letters, 351 (1), 70–77.
Wani, S.A., Chand, S. and Ali, T. (2013). Potential use of Azotobacter chroococcum in crop
production: an overview. Current Agricultural Research Journal, 1 (1), 35–38.
Wani, S.A., Chand, S., Wani, M.A., Ramzan, M. and Hakeem, K.R. (2016). Azotobacter chroococcum–a potential biofertilizer in agriculture: an overview. In Soil Science: Agricultural and Environmental Prospectives. (pp. 333–348). Springer, Cham.
Wani, S.P. and Gopalakrishnan, S. (2019). Plant growth-promoting microbes for sustainable agriculture. In: Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR): Prospects for Sustainable Agriculture. (pp. 19-45). Springer, Singapore.
Wichard, T., Bellenger, J.P., Morel, F.M., Kraepiel, A.M. (2009). Role of the siderophore azotobactin in the bacterial acquisition of nitrogenase metal cofactors. Environmental Science and Technology, 43 (19), 7218–7224.
Yadav, A.S. and Vashishat, R.K. (1991). Associative effect of Bradyrhizobium and Azotobacter inoculation on nodulation, nitrogen fixation and yield of mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek). Indian Journal of Microbiology, 31 (3), 297–299.
Yadav, J., Verma, J.P., Jaiswal, D.K. and Kumar, A. (2014). Evaluation of PGPR and different concentration of phosphorus level on plant growth, yield and nutrient content of rice (Oryza sativa). Ecological Engineering, 62, 123–128.
Yang, J., Kloepper, J. W. and Ryu, C. M. (2009). Rhizosphere bacteria help plants tolerate abiotic stress. Trends in Plant Science, 14, 1–4.
Yasari, E., Azadgoleh, M.E., Mozafari, S. and Alashti, M.R. (2009). Enhancement of growth and nutrient uptake of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) by applying mineral nutrients and biofertilizers. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science, 12 (2), 127.
Yasmin, S., Zaka, A., Imran, A., Zahid, M. A., Yousaf, S., Rasul, G. and Mirza, M. S. (2016). Plant growth promotion and suppression of bacterial leaf blight in rice by inoculated bacteria. Plos One, 11(8), 1-19.
Yi, Y., Huang, W. and Ge, Y. (2008). Exopolysaccharide: a novel important factor in the microbial dissolution of tricalcium phosphate. World Journal of Microbiology Biotechnology, 24, 1059–1065.
Yousefi, S., Kartoolinejad, D., Bahmani, M. and Naghdi, R. (2017). Effect of Azospirillum lipoferum and Azotobacter chroococcum on germination and early growth of hopbush shrub (Dodonaea viscosa L.) under salinity stress. Journal of Sustainable Forestry, 36 (2), 107–120.
Zad Behtouei, M., seyed sharifi, R. and khalilzadeh, R. (2019). Effect of nitrogen and biofertilizers on yield, nitrogen use efficiency and some morpho physiological traits of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Cereal Research, 8(4), 409-421. (In Farsi).
Zhao, X., Yan, X., Xie, Y., Wang, S., Xing, G. and Zhu, Z. (2016). Use of nitrogen isotope to determine fertilizer-and soil-derived ammonia volatilization in a rice/wheat rotation system. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 64, 3017–3024.
Zheng, Y., Han, X., Li, Y. et al. (2020). Effects of Mixed Controlled Release Nitrogen Fertilizer with Rice Straw Biochar on Rice Yield and Nitrogen Balance in Northeast China. Scientific Reports, 10, 9452: 1-10.
)