بررسی مدل های همدمای جذب و مدل‌های سینتیکی در حذف کادمیوم از آبهای آلوده توسط رس، زغال زیستی و کمپلکس آنها

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه آب و خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

2 گروه آب و خاک، دانشکده مهندسی کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

3 گروه آب و خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود

4 گروه آب و خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، ایران

5 گروه مهندسی شیمی، دانشکده مهندسی شیمی و مواد، دانشگاه صنعتی شاهرود، شاهرود، ایران

چکیده

با افزایش روز افزون جمعیت و افزایش مصرف آب در بخش های کشاورزی و صنعت، ورود آلاینده‌های مختلف به محیط زیست و منابع آب و خاک افزایش یافته است. از جمله آلاینده‌ها می‌توان به فلز سنگین کادمیوم اشاره کرد که علاوه بر سمّیت، مشکلات عمده‌ای را بر سلامت موجودات زنده می‌توانند ایجاد کنند. در این مطالعه با روش جذب، حذف این فلز کادمیوم از آب توسط سه جاذب رس سپیولیت، زغال زیستی ذرت و کمپلکس رس و زغال زیستی ذرت بررسی شد. برای این منظور آزمایش مربوط به هم­دماهای جذب و سینتیک جذب توسط سه جاذب مورد مطالعه انجام شد. پارامترهای مؤثر بر فرآیند جذب شامل: قابلیت جاذب‌ها با تغییر غلظت اولیه محلول کادمیوم و حضور جاذب‌ها با تغییرات زمان تماس بررسی شد. ظرفیت جذب جاذب‌ها با افزایش غلظت کادمیوم از 150 تا 800 میلی گرم بر لیتر افزایش، اما درصد جذب با افزایش غلظت کاهش یافت. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین ظرفیت جذب در کادمیوم مربوط به جاذب زغال زیستی ذرت می‌باشد، این در حالی است که جاذب کمپلکس رس و زغال زیستی از جاذب رس ظرفیت جذب بیشتری داشت. جهت مطالعه فرآیند جذب، همدماهای لانگمویر و فروندلیچ برای هر عنصر و جاذب بررسی گردید و مشخص شد جذب کادمیوم توسط جاذب‌ها از هر دو مدل تبعیت می‌کنند. مدل فروندلیچ با داشتن بالاترین ضریب تبیین (R2) و کمترین مجموع مربعات خطای معیار (SSE) بهترین برازش را با داده‌های آزمایشگاهی نشان داد. اثر زمان تماس جاذب بر میزان جذب بررسی و مشخص شد که راندمان جذب با افزایش زمان تماس افزایش یافت. برازش مدل‌های سینتیک شبه مرتبه اول، شبه مرتبه دوم، الوویچ و پخشیدگی درون ذرّه‌ای برای کادمیوم در غلظت‌های 150 و 600 میلی گرم بر لیتر در زمان‌های 30 تا 1440 دقیقه انجام یافت. مدل الوویچ در غلظت‌های 150 و 600 میلی گرم بر لیتر کادمیوم بهترین برازش را با داده‌های آزمایشگاهی نشان داد. در غلظت های 150 کمپلکس رس-زغال زیستی عملکرد بهتری در جذب از خودش نشان داد ولی در بقیه غلظت­های کادمیوم، زغال زیستی جاذب بهتری نسبت دو جاذب دیگر بود. بر مبنای نتایج استنباط شده از آزمایش‌های جذب می‌توان بیان کرد بیوچار ذرت نسبت به کمپلکس رس و بیوچار و کمپلکس رس و بیوچار نسبت به رس قابلیت بالایی در حذف فلزات سنگین از آب‌های آلوده دارد که می‌توان از این جاذب‌ها به عنوان یک ماده ارزان قیمت و مؤثر در حذف آلاینده‌های نظیر کادمیوم استفاده کرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Adsorption Isotherm and Kinetic Models for Cadmium Removal from Polluted Water Using Clay, Biochar and Their Complex

نویسندگان [English]

  • Soroush soleymanian 1
  • zahra Ganji Norouzi 2
  • vajiheh dorostkar 3
  • Mohamad Hadi Movahednejad 4
  • Mashallah Rezakazemi 5
1 Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
2 Soil and Water Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
3 Assistant professor, Water and Soil Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology
4 Department of Water and soil, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrood University of Technology
5 Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Shahrood University of Technology, Shahrood, Iran
چکیده [English]

With increasing population and water consumption in agriculture and industry, the entry of various contaminants into the environment and soil and water resources has been increased. Cadmium heavy metal is known as one of the polluting elements. In addition to toxicity, it has adverse effects on the health of living organisms, too. In this study, the adsorption method was investigated by the three adsorbents of sepiolite clay, corn biochar, and clay and corn biochar complex on the removal of cadmium metal from water. For this purpose, experiments related to adsorption isotherms and adsorption kinetics were performed by the three adsorbents. Parameters affecting the adsorption process include type of adsorbent, change in initial concentration of cadmium solution, and changes in adsorbent contact time were investigated. The adsorption capacity of the adsorbents increased with increasing cadmium concentration from 150 to 800 mg/l, but the adsorption percentage decreased with increasing concentration. The results showed that the highest adsorption capacity in cadmium was related to corn biochar, while the clay-biochar adsorbent had more adsorption capacity than clay adsorbent. Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms for each element and adsorbent were investigated to study the adsorption process. It was found that the adsorption of cadmium by the adsorbents follows both models. Freundlich model with the highest coefficient of determination (R2) and the lowest sum of squares of standard error (SSE) showed the best fit with laboratory data. The effect of adsorbent contact time on the adsorption rate was investigated and found that the adsorption efficiency increased with increasing contact time. Fitting quasi-first-order, quasi-second-order, Elovitch, and intra-particle dispersion models for cadmium at concentrations of 150 and 600 mg/l was performed at 30 to 1440 min. The Elovich model at concentrations of 150 and 600 mg/l cadmium showed the best fit with laboratory data. At concentrations of 150, clay-biochar complexes showed better adsorption performance, but at other concentrations of cadmium, biochar was a better adsorbent than the other two adsorbents. Based on the results inferred from adsorption experiments, it can be stated that the corn biochar compared to clay and biochar and clay and biochar complex compared to clay has a high ability to remove heavy metals from contaminated water, which can be used as a cheap and practical material used to remove contaminants such as cadmium.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Cadmium
  • Biochar
  • Clay-Biochar complex
  • Kinetics
  • Langmuir & Freundlich model

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تحقیقات آب و خاک ایران
دوره 53، شماره 3
خرداد 1401
صفحه 485-500

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