بررسی اثر بیوچار بر برخی ویژگی‌های فیزیکی خاک، شاخص تنش آبی و عملکرد گندم در خاک لوم شنی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهر کرد، شهر کرد، ایران.

2 گروه علوم و مهندسی خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهرکرد، شهر کرد، ایران.

3 گروه علوم خاک، دانشکده کشاورزی دانشگاه ولیعصر(عج) رفسنجان، ایران

4 گروه مهندسی آب، دانشکده کشاورزی، دانشگاه شهر کرد، شهر کرد.

چکیده

اصلاح خاک با بیوچار، رهیافت جدیدی در مدیریت بقایای گیاهی است. این پژوهش با هدف بررسی اثر مقادیر مختلف بیوچار کاه گندم در اندازه ذرات متفاوت بر گنجایش هوای خاک (AC)، منافذ درشت (PMAC)، آب قابل‌استفاده گیاه (PAW)، شاخص دکستر، شاخص تنش آبی (CWSI) و عملکرد گندم در یک خاک لوم شنی انجام شد. آزمایشی به­صورت فاکتوریل با طرح پایه بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی در مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی آذربایجان شرقی (ایستگاه سعیدآباد) در سال­­های ۱۳۹۷ و  1398 در سه تکرار اجرا شد. بیوچار گندم در مقادیر 5/0٪، 5/1٪ و ۳٪ و با اندازه‌ ذرات 5/0-0،   1-5/0 و 2-1 میلی‌متر تا عمق 15 سانتی‌متری با خاک مخلوط شدند. نتایج حاصل از پژوهش نشان داد که ویژگی AC با مقادیر 5/0٪ و 5/1٪ بیوچار و به ترتیب اندازه ذرات mm 5/0-0 وmm  1-5/0 بیوچار نسبت به شاهد بهبود یافت. مقدار 3% بیوچار و اندازه ذرات 1-5/0 آن، سبب تولید بیشترین مقدار PMAC گردید. در تمام تیمارها، میزان PAW نسبت به شاهد به‌صورت معنی­داری افزایش یافت. شاخص دکستر صرفاً در مقادیر R1 وR2   با اندازه ذرات 5/0-0 و 1-5/0 افزایش معنی­داری نسبت به شاهد داشت. تغییر در اندازه ذرات بیوچار در مقادیر 5/0٪ و 5/1٪، تأثیر معنی­داری در تغییر شاخص دکستر نداشت. کمترین مقدار شاخص CWSI نسبت به شاهد، در مقدار 5/1٪ و اندازه ذرات 1-2 بیوچار مشاهده شد. در مقادیر 5/1٪ و 3٪ بیوچار با اندازه ذراتmm  1-5/0 و نیز در مقدار 3٪ بیوچار با اندازه ذراتmm  5/0-0، افزایش عملکرد نسبت به شاهد معنی­دار بود. بیشترین همبستگی مثبت معنی­دار بین عملکرد و شاخص دکستر مشاهده شد. نتایج این پژوهش نشان داد که تغییرات ویژگی­های فیزیکی خاک به مقدار و اندازه ذرات بیوچار بستگی داشته و در اصلاح خاک با بیوچار، لازم است که موردتوجه قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

Investigation of Biochar Effect on Some Physical Properties of Soil, Crop Water Stress Index and Wheat Yield in Sandy Loam Soil

نویسندگان [English]

  • Hassan Osooli 1
  • Ahmad Karimi 2
  • Hossein shirani 3
  • Sayyed Hassan Tabatabaei 4
1 Soil science depaetment, Faculty of agriculture , Sharekord university, Shahrekord, Iran.
2 Soil Science department,, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrkord University, Shahrekord, Iran
3 Soil science department,, faculty of agriculture , Vali-e-ِAsr Rafsanjan university, Rafsanjan.
4 Department of irrigation engineering, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran.
چکیده [English]

Soil remediation with biochar is a new approach in crop residue management. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of different amounts of wheat straw biochar in different particle sizes on soil air capacity (AC), macro-pores (PMAC), plant available water (PAW), Dexter index, crop water stress index (CWSI) and wheat yield in a sandy loam soil. A factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design was conducted at the East Azerbaijan Agricultural Research and Education Center (Saeidabad Station) in 2018 and 2019 in three replications. Wheat biochar with amounts of 0.5%, 1.5% and 3% and particle sizes of 0-0.5, 0.5-1 and 1-2 were mixed with soil to a depth of 15 cm. The results showed that the AC was improved by adding ​​0.5% and 1.5% biochar amount and with the particle size of 0-0.5 mm and 0.5-1 mm, respectivilly, compared to the control. The biochar with amount of 3% and the particle size of 0.5-1 mm produced the highest amount of PMAC. In all treatments, the PAW increased significantly compared to the control. Dexter index had a significant increase compared to the control, only in 0.5% and 1.5% amounts ​​with particle sizes of 0-0.5 and 0.5-1 mm respectivily. The change in biochar particle size at 0.5% and 1.5% ​​had no significant effect on dextr index. The lowest CWSI compared to the control observed in biochar amount of 1.5% and particle size of 1-2 mm. In 1.5% and 3% biochar values ​​with 0.5-1 mm particle size and also in 3% biochar values ​​with 0-0.5 mm particle size, the increase in wheat yield was significant compared to the control. The highest significant positive correlation was observed between wheat yield and Dexter index. The results of this study showed that the changes of soil physical properties depend on the amount and particle size  of biochar and it should be considered when using this remediation method.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Dexter index
  • Plant available water
  • Soil air capacity
  • Soil macro-pore
  • Wheat straw biochar
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